Zeng Yi, Stevens Gonneke W J M, Paus Tomáš, Helbich Marco
Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Am J Epidemiol. 2024 Sep 24;194(7):1949-58. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwae373.
Little is known about whether prenatal green space exposure contributes to mental health later in life. Using data from a Dutch cohort (TRAILS; n=1,476), we assessed associations between prenatal (1989-1991) green space exposure and four mental health outcomes, namely externalizing problems, internalizing problems, tobacco use, and alcohol use, self-reported at eleven-year-old (2001-2002), and mediation of gestational age and birthweight on these associations. In a structural equational model, adolescents with one standard deviation (SD) unit more prenatal green space exposure showed a 0.119 SD (95%CI:0.028,0.210) more externalizing problems in early adolescence. There are two potential explanations for this unexpected positive association. First, controlling for urbanicity attenuated this association to become insignificant, but the degree of attenuation was minor [0.096, (95%CI:-0.003,0.195)]. Second, this unexpected association might be a consequence of changes in green space exposure in the intervening years, namely childhood (from birth to early adolescence), indicating that individuals with increased green space exposure over childhood exhibited fewer externalizing problems in early adolescence. For the prenatal green space-externalizing problems association, we did not observe mediation by gestational age or birthweight. Overall, these findings suggest no beneficial role of prenatal green space on adolescent mental health. Instead, increased green space exposure in childhood may lead to lower externalizing problems in early adolescence.
关于产前接触绿地是否有助于晚年心理健康，目前所知甚少。我们利用荷兰一项队列研究（TRAILS；n = 1476）的数据，评估了产前（1989 - 1991年）接触绿地与四种心理健康结果之间的关联，这四种结果分别是外化问题、内化问题、吸烟和饮酒，这些数据是在11岁（2001 - 2002年）时自我报告的，同时还评估了胎龄和出生体重对这些关联的中介作用。在一个结构方程模型中，产前绿地接触多一个标准差（SD）单位的青少年在青春期早期表现出多0.119个标准差（95%置信区间：0.028，0.210）的外化问题。对于这种意外的正相关有两种潜在解释。首先，控制城市化程度后，这种关联减弱至不显著，但减弱程度较小[0.096，（95%置信区间：-0.003，0.195）]。其次，这种意外的关联可能是中间年份（即童年期，从出生到青春期早期）绿地接触变化的结果，这表明童年期绿地接触增加的个体在青春期早期表现出的外化问题较少。对于产前绿地与外化问题的关联，我们未观察到胎龄或出生体重的中介作用。总体而言，这些发现表明产前接触绿地对青少年心理健康没有有益作用。相反，童年期绿地接触增加可能会导致青春期早期外化问题减少。
