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通过淋巴结的稳定流体流动的多尺度计算分析。

Multiscale computational analysis of the steady fluid flow through a lymph node.

机构信息

Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "N. Tartaglia", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, Italy.

Mathematics for Technology, Medicine and Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.

出版信息

Biomech Model Mechanobiol. 2024 Dec;23(6):2005-2023. doi: 10.1007/s10237-024-01879-7. Epub 2024 Sep 25.

DOI:10.1007/s10237-024-01879-7
PMID:39320689
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11554713/
Abstract

Lymph Nodes (LNs) are crucial to the immune and lymphatic systems, filtering harmful substances and regulating lymph transport. LNs consist of a lymphoid compartment (LC) that forms a porous bulk region, and a subcapsular sinus (SCS), which is a free-fluid region. Mathematical and mechanical challenges arise in understanding lymph flow dynamics. The highly vascularized lymph node connects the lymphatic and blood systems, emphasizing its essential role in maintaining the fluid balance in the body. In this work, we describe a mathematical model in a steady setting to describe the lymph transport in a lymph node. We couple the fluid flow in the SCS governed by an incompressible Stokes equation with the fluid flow in LC, described by a model obtained by means of asymptotic homogenisation technique, taking into account the multiscale nature of the node and the fluid exchange with the blood vessels inside it. We solve this model using numerical simulations and we analyze the lymph transport inside the node to elucidate its regulatory mechanisms and significance. Our results highlight the crucial role of the microstructure of the lymph node in regularising its fluid balance. These results can pave the way to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the lymph node's multiscale functionalities which can be significantly affected by specific physiological and pathological conditions, such as those characterising malignant tissues.

摘要

淋巴结 (LNs) 对免疫系统和淋巴系统至关重要，它们可以过滤有害物质并调节淋巴运输。LNs 由形成多孔块状区域的淋巴组织区 (LC) 和位于其外部的被膜下窦 (SCS) 组成，后者是一个自由流动的区域。理解淋巴流动动力学存在数学和力学方面的挑战。富含血管的淋巴结连接着淋巴系统和血液系统，强调了其在维持体内液体平衡方面的重要作用。在这项工作中，我们描述了一个在稳定状态下的数学模型，以描述淋巴结中的淋巴运输。我们将 SCS 中的不可压缩 Stokes 方程控制的流体流动与 LC 中的流体流动耦合起来，LC 中的流体流动通过渐近均匀化技术获得的模型来描述，同时考虑到节点的多尺度性质以及与其中血管的流体交换。我们使用数值模拟来求解这个模型，并分析淋巴结内的淋巴运输，以阐明其调节机制和意义。我们的结果强调了淋巴结微观结构在调节其流体平衡方面的关键作用。这些结果可以为更好地理解淋巴结的多尺度功能的机制铺平道路，这些机制可能会受到特定生理和病理条件的显著影响，例如恶性组织的特征。

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