Department of Geology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Geozentrum, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Vening Meineszgebouw A, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands.
Sci Adv. 2024 Sep 27;10(39):eadp1134. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adp1134. Epub 2024 Sep 25.
Understanding deep-time marine biodiversity change under the combined effects of climate and connectivity changes is fundamental for predicting the impacts of modern climate change in semi-enclosed seas. We quantify the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene [11.63 to 3.6 million years (Ma)] taxonomic diversity of the Mediterranean Sea for calcareous nannoplankton, dinocysts, foraminifera, ostracods, corals, molluscs, bryozoans, echinoids, fishes, and marine mammals. During this time, marine biota was affected by global climate cooling and the restriction of the Mediterranean's connection to the Atlantic Ocean that peaked with the Messinian salinity crisis. Although the net change in species richness from the Tortonian to the Zanclean varies by group, species turnover is greater than 30% in all cases, reflecting a high degree of reorganization of the marine ecosystem after the crisis. The results show a clear perturbation already in the pre-evaporitic Messinian (7.25 to 5.97 Ma), with patterns differing among groups and subbasins.
理解气候和连通性变化共同作用下的深海生物多样性变化，对于预测半封闭海域现代气候变化的影响至关重要。我们量化了中新世晚期-上新世早期（1163 万至 360 万年前）地中海钙质超微化石、沟鞭藻、有孔虫、介形虫、珊瑚、软体动物、苔藓动物、海胆、鱼类和海洋哺乳动物的分类多样性。在此期间，海洋生物群受到全球气候变冷和地中海与大西洋连接受限的影响，这种限制在墨西拿盐度危机时达到顶峰。尽管从托尔顿期到赞克勒期的物种丰富度净变化因群组而异，但在所有情况下，物种更替都超过 30%，反映出危机后海洋生态系统的高度重组。结果表明，在蒸发前的墨西拿期（725 万至 597 万年前）已经出现了明显的干扰，不同群组和次盆地的模式存在差异。
