Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida U.P. 201303, India.
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India.
Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2025;42(1):55-88. doi: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2024051171.
Enzymes play a pivotal role in the human body, but their potential is not limited to just that. Scientists have successfully modified these enzymes as nanobiocatalysts or nanozymes for industrial or commercial use, either in the food, medicine, biotech or even textile industries. These nanobiocatalysts and nanozymes offer several advantages over enzymes, like better stability, improved shelf-life, increased percentage yield, and reuse potential, which is very difficult with normal enzymes. The various techniques of NBC synthesis using immobilization techniques like adsorption, covalent binding, affinity immobilization, and entrapment methods are briefly discussed. The enzymes are either entrapped or adsorbed on the nanocarrier matrices, which can be nanofibers, nanoporous carriers, or nanocontainers as nanobiocatalysts. We also highlight the challenges the nanobiocatalyst overcomes in the industrial production of some drugs like sitagliptin, montelukast, pregabalin, and atorvastatin. Also, the inactivation of an organophosphate or opioid poisoning treating agent, SSOPOX nanohybrid, is discussed in this paper. Nanozymes are intrinsic enzyme-like compounds, and they also show wide application in themselves. Their GQD/AGNP nanohybrid shows antibacterial potential; they can also be utilized in optical sensing to detect small molecules, ions, nucleic acids, proteins, and cancer cells. In this paper, various applications of these NBCs have been discussed, and their potential applications with examples are also mentioned. Nanoenzymes can address targeted drug delivery via the controlled release of drugs to increase the efficacy of anticancer drugs that minimize damage to healthy tissue or cells.
酶在人体中起着至关重要的作用，但它们的潜力不仅限于此。科学家们已经成功地将这些酶修饰为纳米生物催化剂或纳米酶，用于食品、医药、生物技术甚至纺织工业等工业或商业用途。这些纳米生物催化剂和纳米酶具有许多优于酶的优势，例如更好的稳定性、延长的保质期、提高的产率百分比和再利用潜力，而这些对于普通酶来说是非常困难的。简要讨论了使用固定化技术（如吸附、共价结合、亲和固定化和包埋方法）合成 NBC 的各种技术。酶要么被包埋或吸附在纳米载体基质上，这些基质可以是纳米纤维、纳米多孔载体或纳米容器作为纳米生物催化剂。我们还强调了纳米生物催化剂在一些药物（如西他列汀、孟鲁司特、普瑞巴林和阿托伐他汀）的工业生产中克服的挑战。此外，还讨论了 SSOPOX 纳米杂化物作为有机磷或阿片类中毒治疗剂的失活。纳米酶是具有内在酶样特性的化合物，它们本身也有广泛的应用。它们的 GQD/AGNP 纳米杂化物具有抗菌潜力；它们还可以用于光学传感来检测小分子、离子、核酸、蛋白质和癌细胞。本文讨论了这些 NBC 的各种应用，以及它们的潜在应用和示例。纳米酶可以通过控制药物释放来实现靶向药物输送，从而提高抗癌药物的疗效，最大限度地减少对健康组织或细胞的损伤。
