Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida 201313, India.
Nanostructure and Biomimetic Lab, Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006 Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Nanotechnology. 2024 Oct 8;35(50). doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad7f5d.
Nanozymes are a group of nanomaterials that garnered significant attention due to their enzyme-mimicking properties and their catalytic activities comparable to those of natural enzymes. The ability of nanozymes to emulate crucial biological processes which can conquer the drawbacks of natural enzymes, such as their restricted thermostability as well as substrate range. Auriferous (gold) nanozymes possess remarkable enzyme-like properties, such as reductase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, oxidase, and catalase. This characteristic makes them a strong competitor for possible applications in the fields of biomedicine as well as biochemical analysis, especially when compared to natural enzymes, along with their simple manufacturing, adaptable features, biocompatibility, and affordability. This review evaluates the factors that affect the catalytic activity of auriferous nanozymes. We offer a thorough investigation of their diagnostic applications, including detecting cancer, microorganisms, glucose, cysteine, and uric acid. Furthermore, we delve into the applications of gold nanozyme in therapeutics including chemodynamic therapy, radiotherapy, and photothermal therapy. In contrast to previous review, our review highlights various advantages of auriferous nanozymes in diagnostics and therapies and provides novel insights into the diverse applications of gold nanozymes encompassing current research studies.
纳米酶是一类纳米材料，由于其模拟酶的特性和与天然酶相当的催化活性而受到广泛关注。纳米酶具有模拟关键生物过程的能力，可以克服天然酶的缺点，例如其热稳定性和底物范围有限。金纳米酶具有显著的酶样特性，如还原酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、氧化酶和过氧化氢酶。与天然酶相比，这一特性使它们成为生物医学和生化分析领域潜在应用的有力竞争者，其简单的制造、适应性强、生物相容性和价格合理等特点也使其具有吸引力。本文评价了影响金纳米酶催化活性的因素。我们对其诊断应用进行了全面的研究，包括癌症、微生物、葡萄糖、半胱氨酸和尿酸的检测。此外，我们还探讨了金纳米酶在治疗方面的应用，包括化学动力学治疗、放射治疗和光热治疗。与之前的综述不同，我们的综述强调了金纳米酶在诊断和治疗方面的多种优势，并为金纳米酶在包括当前研究在内的多种应用提供了新的见解。
