Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2022 Jan 1;194:676-687. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.112. Epub 2021 Nov 20.
Nanozymes, novel engineered nanomaterial-based artificial enzymes, have been developed to overcome intrinsic drawbacks exist in natural enzymes including high-cost storage, structural instability, and chemical sensitivity. More recently, carbon dots (CDs) have received significant attention due to their biocompatibility, high catalytic activity, and simple surface functionalization, thus emerging as possible alternatives for biomedical and environmental applications. In this review, we analyze methods and precursors used to synthesize CDs with enzyme-mimicking behaviors. In addition, approaches such as doping or constructing hybrid nanozymes are included as possible strategies to enhance the catalytic performance of CDs. Recent studies have reported CDs that mimic different oxidoreductases, exhibiting peroxidase-, catalase-, oxidase/laccase-, and superoxide dismutase-like activities. Therefore, this review presents a detailed discussion of the mechanism, recent advances, and application for each oxidoreductase-like activity reported on nanozymes based on CDs nanomaterials. Finally, current challenges faced in the successful translation of CDs to potential applications are addressed to suggest research directions.
纳米酶，一种新型的基于工程纳米材料的人工酶，被开发出来以克服天然酶存在的固有缺陷，包括高成本储存、结构不稳定和化学敏感性。最近，由于其生物相容性、高催化活性和简单的表面功能化，碳点 (CDs) 受到了极大的关注，因此可能成为生物医学和环境应用的替代品。在这篇综述中，我们分析了用于合成具有酶模拟行为的 CDs 的方法和前体。此外，还包括掺杂或构建杂化纳米酶等方法，以提高 CDs 的催化性能。最近的研究报告了模拟不同氧化还原酶的 CDs，表现出过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、氧化酶/漆酶和超氧化物歧化酶样活性。因此，本综述详细讨论了基于 CDs 纳米材料的纳米酶的每种氧化还原酶样活性的机制、最新进展和应用。最后，针对 CDs 成功转化为潜在应用所面临的当前挑战提出了研究方向。
