Department of Carbon Convergence Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea.
Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
Dent Mater. 2024 Nov;40(11):1970-1980. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.09.012. Epub 2024 Sep 25.
Oral biofilms, including pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, are involved in the initiation and progression of various periodontal diseases. However, the treatment of these diseases is hindered by the limited efficacy of many antimicrobial materials in removing biofilms under the harsh conditions of the oral cavity. Our objective is to develop a gel-type antimicrobial agent with optimal physicochemical properties, strong tissue adhesion, prolonged antimicrobial activity, and biocompatibility to serve as an adjunctive treatment for periodontal diseases.
Phenylboronic acid-conjugated alginate (Alg-PBA) was synthesized using a carbodiimide coupling agent. Alg-PBA was then combined with tannic acid (TA) to create an Alg-PBA/TA hydrogel. The composition of the hydrogel was optimized to enhance its mechanical strength and tissue adhesiveness. Additionally, the hydrogel's self-healing ability, erosion and release profile, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis were thoroughly characterized.
The Alg-PBA/TA hydrogels, with a final concentration of 5 wt% TA, exhibited both mechanical properties comparable to conventional Minocycline gel and strong tissue adhesiveness. In contrast, the Minocycline gel demonstrated negligible tissue adhesion. The Alg-PBA/TA hydrogel also retained its rheological properties under repeated 5 kPa stress owing to its self-healing capability, whereas the Minocycline gel showed irreversible changes in rheology after just one stress cycle. Additionally, Alg-PBA/TA hydrogels displayed a sustained erosion and TA release profile with minimal impact on the surrounding pH. Additionally, the hydrogels exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis, effectively eliminating its biofilm without compromising the viability of MG-63 cells.
The Alg-PBA/TA hydrogel demonstrates an optimal combination of mechanical strength, self-healing ability, tissue adhesiveness, excellent biocompatibility, and sustained antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis. These attributes make it superior to conventional Minocycline gel. Thus, the Alg-PBA/TA hydrogel is a promising antiseptic candidate for adjunctive treatment of various periodontal diseases.
口腔生物膜，包括牙龈卟啉单胞菌等病原体，与各种牙周病的发生和发展有关。然而，由于许多抗菌材料在口腔恶劣环境下去除生物膜的效果有限，这些疾病的治疗受到了阻碍。我们的目标是开发一种具有最佳物理化学性质、强组织附着力、延长抗菌活性和生物相容性的凝胶型抗菌剂，作为牙周病的辅助治疗。
使用碳二亚胺偶联剂合成了苯硼酸修饰的海藻酸钠（Alg-PBA）。然后将 Alg-PBA 与单宁酸（TA）结合，制成 Alg-PBA/TA 水凝胶。优化水凝胶的组成以增强其机械强度和组织附着力。此外，还对水凝胶的自修复能力、侵蚀和释放特性、生物相容性以及对牙龈卟啉单胞菌的抗菌活性进行了全面表征。
最终 TA 浓度为 5wt%的 Alg-PBA/TA 水凝胶具有与传统米诺环素凝胶相当的机械性能和强组织附着力。相比之下，米诺环素凝胶几乎没有组织附着力。Alg-PBA/TA 水凝胶由于其自修复能力，在重复 5kPa 应力下仍保持其流变特性，而米诺环素凝胶在仅一次应力循环后流变学就发生了不可逆变化。此外，Alg-PBA/TA 水凝胶具有持续的侵蚀和 TA 释放特性，对周围 pH 值的影响最小。此外，水凝胶对牙龈卟啉单胞菌表现出强大的抗菌活性，有效消除其生物膜，同时不影响 MG-63 细胞的活力。
Alg-PBA/TA 水凝胶具有机械强度、自修复能力、组织附着力、出色的生物相容性和对牙龈卟啉单胞菌的持续抗菌活性的最佳组合。这些特性使其优于传统的米诺环素凝胶。因此，Alg-PBA/TA 水凝胶是一种有前途的防腐剂候选物，可作为各种牙周病的辅助治疗。
