Stewart R B, Grupp L A
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1985;87(1):43-50. doi: 10.1007/BF00431776.
The hypothesis was examined that the interaction of ethanol with the conditions under which it is administered may determine whether either preference or aversion for the drug develops. In Experiment 1, eight groups of food-deprived rats received injections of ethanol (175-1,400 mg/kg) in one environment and were later offered a choice between that environment and a different one previously associated with saline injections. Another eight groups were treated identically, except that food was available in both the saline and ethanol-paired environments. The groups given the drug without food showed no preference or aversion at low doses (175-700 mg/kg), but showed aversion at higher doses (1,000 and 1,400 mg/kg). When food was available, there was an increased preference for the environment paired with the 500 mg/kg dose and reduced aversion at the 1,000 and 1,400 mg/kg doses. In Experiment 2, placing two rats together increased each rat's preference for the environment associated with the other animal. However, rats pretreated with 500 mg/kg ethanol before being placed together showed a reduced preference for the environment associated with the drug and the other animal. Controls never paired with another rat showed no preference or aversion at the same ethanol dose. Thus, ethanol may interact with conditions such as the presence of food or another animal to determine final effects that are unique to those conditions.
该假说认为，乙醇与给药时的条件之间的相互作用可能决定对该药物产生偏好还是厌恶。在实验1中，八组饥饿的大鼠在一种环境中注射乙醇（175 - 1400毫克/千克），之后在该环境与先前与注射生理盐水相关联的另一种环境之间进行选择。另外八组的处理方式相同，只是在与生理盐水和乙醇配对的环境中都提供食物。未给食物而注射药物的组在低剂量（175 - 700毫克/千克）时未表现出偏好或厌恶，但在高剂量（1000和1400毫克/千克）时表现出厌恶。当有食物时，对与500毫克/千克剂量配对的环境的偏好增加，而在1000和1400毫克/千克剂量时厌恶减少。在实验2中，将两只大鼠放在一起会增加每只大鼠对与另一只动物相关联的环境的偏好。然而，在放在一起之前用500毫克/千克乙醇预处理的大鼠对与药物和另一只动物相关联的环境的偏好降低。从未与另一只大鼠配对的对照组在相同乙醇剂量下未表现出偏好或厌恶。因此，乙醇可能与食物或另一只动物等条件相互作用，以确定这些条件所特有的最终效应。
