Dipartimento Di Benessere, Nutrizione E Sport, Centro Direzionale, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Isola F2, 80143, Naples, Italy.
Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
Eat Weight Disord. 2024 Sep 27;29(1):61. doi: 10.1007/s40519-024-01688-y.
Gestational obesity (GO) presents a multifaceted challenge to maternal and fetal health, with an escalating prevalence and far-reaching consequences extending beyond pregnancy. This perspective statement by the Italian Society of Obesity (SIO) provides current insights into the diagnosis, maternal and fetal impacts, and treatment strategies for managing this pressing condition.
This article provides a comprehensive review of the maternal and fetal effects of GO and provides suggestions on strategies for management. Comprehensive review was carried out using the MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases.
The diagnosis of GO primarily relies on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), although standardized criteria remain contentious. Anthropometric measures and body composition assessments offer valuable insights into the metabolic implications of GO. Women with GO are predisposed to several health complications, which are attributed to mechanisms such as inflammation and insulin resistance. Offspring of women with GO face heightened risks of perinatal complications and long-term metabolic disorders, indicating intergenerational transmission of obesity-related effects. While nutritional interventions are a cornerstone of management, their efficacy in mitigating complications warrants further investigation. Additionally, while pharmacological interventions have been explored in other contexts, evidence on their safety and efficacy specifically for GO remains lacking, necessitating further investigation.
GO significantly impacts maternal and fetal health, contributing to both immediate and long-term complications. Effective management requires a multifaceted approach, including precise diagnostic criteria, personalized nutritional interventions, and potential pharmacological treatments. These findings underscore the need for individualized care strategies and further research to optimize outcomes for mothers and their offspring are needed. Enhanced understanding and management of GO can help mitigate its intergenerational effects, improving public health outcomes.
Level V narrative review.
妊娠肥胖（GO）对母婴健康构成多方面挑战，其患病率不断上升，影响范围广泛，不仅限于妊娠期间。意大利肥胖学会（SIO）发表的这份观点陈述，提供了当前对该紧迫病症的诊断、母婴影响和治疗策略的深入了解。
本文对 GO 的母婴影响进行了全面综述，并提出了管理策略的建议。采用 MEDLINE/PubMed、CINAHL、EMBASE 和 Cochrane 图书馆数据库进行全面综述。
GO 的诊断主要依赖于孕前体重指数（BMI），尽管标准化标准仍存在争议。人体测量指标和身体成分评估为 GO 的代谢影响提供了有价值的见解。患有 GO 的女性易患多种健康并发症，这归因于炎症和胰岛素抵抗等机制。患有 GO 的女性的后代面临更高的围产期并发症和长期代谢紊乱风险，表明肥胖相关影响具有代际传递性。虽然营养干预是管理的基石，但它们在减轻并发症方面的效果仍需要进一步研究。此外，虽然在其他情况下已经探索了药物干预，但针对 GO 的安全性和有效性证据仍然缺乏，需要进一步研究。
GO 对母婴健康有重大影响，导致母婴即刻和长期并发症。有效的管理需要采用多方面的方法，包括精确的诊断标准、个性化的营养干预和潜在的药物治疗。这些发现强调需要个体化的护理策略，并进一步研究以优化母亲及其后代的结局。增强对 GO 的理解和管理可以帮助减轻其代际影响，改善公共卫生结局。
五级叙事性综述。
