Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Physiatry and Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna Street, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
CIBER. Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
Curr Obes Rep. 2024 Dec;13(4):755-788. doi: 10.1007/s13679-024-00589-6. Epub 2024 Sep 27.
We aimed to examine the relationship between various diet quality scores and obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents.
Obesity and MetS, which increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease from childhood through adolescence, have been associated with adherence to various diet quality scores. A systematic search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, SciELO, Embase, and Cochrane, covering the period until March 2024. Two researchers evaluated 3,519 studies according to the inclusion criteria. Finally, 73 articles that analysed the relationship between diet quality scores and obesity and MetS were included, and 6 of them were included in a meta-analysis. Children younger than 12 years old showed statistically significant differences indicating a higher Mediterranean diet (MD) score adherence compared to those with a low score adherence for BMI (MD = 0.33 kg/m, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.64) and WC values (MD = 1.21 cm, 95% CI: 0.50, 1.93). Additionally, in the meta-regression analysis, boys showed stronger associations for BMI, z-score BMI and WC (β = 19.82, 95% CI: 17.62, 22.03, β = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.96 and β = 67.03, 95% CI: 57.29, 76.77, respectively). Studies in this review suggest an association between high adherence to different diet quality scores and low BMI. Meta-analysis assessing the association between adherence to the MD and BMI, and WC, showed a protective effect of the MD pattern against obesity outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analyses provided evidence on the effect of the diet quality on obesity and MetS in children and adolescents.
本研究旨在探讨不同饮食质量评分与儿童和青少年肥胖及代谢综合征（MetS）之间的关系。
肥胖和代谢综合征会增加儿童期至青春期患 2 型糖尿病和心血管疾病的风险，且与各种饮食质量评分的依从性相关。我们在 PubMed/Medline、Scopus、SciELO、Embase 和 Cochrane 中进行了系统检索，涵盖截至 2024 年 3 月的文献。两位研究者根据纳入标准评估了 3519 项研究。最终，纳入了 73 篇分析饮食质量评分与肥胖和代谢综合征关系的文章，其中 6 篇文章进行了荟萃分析。12 岁以下儿童的研究结果显示，与低评分依从性相比，高地中海饮食（MD）评分依从性与 BMI（MD=0.33kg/m，95%CI：0.01，0.64）和 WC 值（MD=1.21cm，95%CI：0.50，1.93）的差异具有统计学意义。此外，在荟萃回归分析中，男孩的 BMI、z 评分 BMI 和 WC 与 MD 评分的相关性更强（β=19.82，95%CI：17.62，22.03；β=0.64，95%CI：0.33，0.96；β=67.03，95%CI：57.29，76.77）。本综述中的研究表明，不同饮食质量评分的高依从性与低 BMI 之间存在关联。评估 MD 评分依从性与 BMI 和 WC 之间关联的荟萃分析表明，MD 模式对肥胖结局具有保护作用。本系统综述和荟萃分析提供了饮食质量对儿童和青少年肥胖及代谢综合征影响的证据。
