Noor Iqra, Sohail Hamza, Akhtar Muhammad Tanveer, Cui Jiawen, Lu Zhaogeng, Mostafa Salma, Hasanuzzaman Mirza, Hussain Sajjad, Guo Nan, Jin Biao
School of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Dec 1;954:176462. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176462. Epub 2024 Sep 25.
Soil contamination with cadmium (Cd) has become a global issue due to increasing human activities. Cd contamination poses threats to plant growth as well as jeopardizing food safety and human health through the accumulation of Cd in edible parts of plants. Unraveling the Cd toxicity mechanisms and responses of plants to Cd stress is critical for promoting plant growth and ensuring food safety in Cd-contaminated soils. Toxicological research on plant responses to heavy metal stress has extensively studied Cd, as it can disrupt multiple physiological processes. In addition to morpho-anatomical, hormonal, and biochemical responses, plants rapidly initiate transcriptional modifications to combat Cd stress-induced oxidative and genotoxic damage. Various families of transcription factors play crucial roles in triggering such responses. Moreover, epigenetic modifications have been identified as essential players in maintaining plant genome stability under genotoxic stress. Plants have developed several detoxification strategies to mitigate Cd-induced toxicity, such as cell-wall binding, complexation, vacuolar sequestration, efflux, and translocation. This review provides a comprehensive update on understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in Cd uptake, transportation, and detoxification, with a particular emphasis on the signaling pathways that involve transcriptional and epigenetic responses in plants. This review highlights the innovative strategies for enhancing Cd tolerance and explores their potential application in various crops. Furthermore, this review offers strategies for increasing Cd tolerance and limiting Cd bioavailability in edible parts of plants, thereby improving the safety of food crops.
由于人类活动的增加，土壤镉（Cd）污染已成为一个全球性问题。镉污染对植物生长构成威胁，并通过镉在植物可食用部分的积累危及食品安全和人类健康。阐明镉的毒性机制以及植物对镉胁迫的反应对于促进植物生长和确保镉污染土壤中的食品安全至关重要。关于植物对重金属胁迫反应的毒理学研究广泛关注镉，因为它会扰乱多种生理过程。除了形态解剖学、激素和生化反应外，植物还会迅速启动转录修饰以对抗镉胁迫诱导的氧化和基因毒性损伤。各种转录因子家族在触发此类反应中起关键作用。此外，表观遗传修饰已被确定为在基因毒性胁迫下维持植物基因组稳定性的重要因素。植物已开发出多种解毒策略来减轻镉诱导的毒性，如细胞壁结合、络合、液泡隔离、外排和转运。本综述全面更新了对镉吸收、运输和解毒所涉及分子机制的理解，特别强调了植物中涉及转录和表观遗传反应的信号通路。本综述突出了增强镉耐受性的创新策略，并探讨了它们在各种作物中的潜在应用。此外，本综述提供了提高植物对镉的耐受性并限制镉在可食用部分的生物有效性的策略，从而提高粮食作物的安全性。
