Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
J Nutr. 2024 Nov;154(11):3446-3456. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.010. Epub 2024 Sep 26.
Children are increasingly consuming plant-based milks, yet the impact on their growth and nutrition is unclear.
This systematic review aimed to summarize the available evidence on the impact of plant-based milk consumption on growth and nutrition in children and adolescents.
MEDLINE, Embase (Excerpta Medica Database), EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Child Development and Adolescent Studies, and Scopus were comprehensively searched from 2000 to 2024 to identify studies evaluating the growth and nutritional effects of plant-based milk consumption in children aged 1-18 y. Two reviewers independently screened full-text articles, assessed their quality, and extracted data.
A total of 6 studies were identified: 3 cross-sectional studies, 1 prospective cohort study, and 2 clinical trials (total n = 15,815). Observational studies found that consumption of plant-based milk was associated with lower childhood body mass index (BMI), height, and serum vitamin D concentrations compared with cow milk. No association was found between soy milk consumption and BMI in adolescent girls. Low-quality clinical trials showed minimal effects on growth, and 1 study found that adolescent girls with low calcium intake who consumed fortified soy milk had higher bone density compared with those who did not consume soy milk.
Available evidence suggests that children who consume plant-based milk may have lower BMI, height, and micronutrient intake compared with those who consume cow milk, whereas fortified soy milk may support bone health in adolescents who do not drink cow milk. Longitudinal studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether these associations persist over time, differ between children and adolescents or among those who consume soy milk, and to understand the potential underlying mechanisms. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022367269.
儿童越来越多地消费植物奶，但植物奶对其生长和营养的影响尚不清楚。
本系统评价旨在总结目前关于儿童和青少年饮用植物奶对生长和营养影响的可用证据。
全面检索了 2000 年至 2024 年期间的 MEDLINE、Embase（Excerpta Medica Database）、EBM Reviews-Cochrane 中央对照试验注册库和 Cochrane 系统评价数据库、护理学和联合健康文献累积索引、儿童发展和青少年研究以及 Scopus，以确定评估儿童（1-18 岁）饮用植物奶对生长和营养影响的研究。两名评审员独立筛选全文文章，评估其质量并提取数据。
共确定了 6 项研究：3 项横断面研究、1 项前瞻性队列研究和 2 项临床试验（共纳入 15815 名儿童）。观察性研究发现，与牛奶相比，植物奶的消费与儿童期体重指数（BMI）、身高和血清维生素 D 浓度较低有关。在青春期女孩中，未发现豆浆消费与 BMI 之间存在关联。低质量的临床试验对生长的影响较小，1 项研究发现，钙摄入量低且饮用强化豆浆的青春期女孩的骨密度高于不饮用豆浆的女孩。
现有证据表明，与饮用牛奶的儿童相比，饮用植物奶的儿童可能 BMI、身高和微量营养素摄入量较低，而强化豆浆可能有助于不饮用牛奶的青少年的骨骼健康。需要进行纵向研究和随机对照试验，以确定这些关联是否随着时间的推移而持续，在儿童和青少年之间或在饮用豆浆的人群中是否存在差异，并了解潜在的机制。本试验在 PROSPERO 注册为 CRD42022367269。
