牛奶及奶制品摄入对 6-18 岁儿童青少年生长的影响：一项随机对照试验的荟萃分析。
Effects of Milk and Milk-Product Consumption on Growth among Children and Adolescents Aged 6-18 Years: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
机构信息
School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Research and Surveillance Evaluation, Shanghai Center for Health Promotion, Shanghai, China.
出版信息
Adv Nutr. 2019 Mar 1;10(2):250-261. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmy081.
Although studies have suggested that milk and milk-product consumption may influence growth during childhood and puberty, results are inconsistent. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the available evidence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing whether milk and milk-product consumption could affect growth and body composition among children and adolescents aged 6-18 y. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for all RCTs published up to December 2017 that investigated milk and milk-product consumption (≥12 wk) on growth and body composition among participants (aged 6-18 y) without undernourishment or diseases. Study screening and data extraction by 2 reviewers followed established PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess the quality of the trials. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Seventeen trials with 2844 children and adolescents were included. Milk and milk-product interventions resulted in a greater increase in body weight (0.48 kg; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.76 kg; P = 0.001), lean mass (0.21 kg; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.41 kg; P = 0.04), and attenuated gain in percentage body fat (-0.27%; 95% CI: -0.45%, -0.09%; P = 0.003) compared with control groups. However, there were no significant changes in fat mass, height, or waist circumference in the intervention groups compared with the control groups (P ≥ 0.05). In subgroup analyses, the baseline weight and age, and the duration of intervention were associated with the efficacy of milk and milk-product intake on the change in lean mass, percentage body fat, and waist circumference, respectively (test for subgroup differences: P < 0.05). Children and adolescents aged 6-18 y consuming milk and milk products are more likely to achieve a lean body phenotype. This meta-analysis was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) as CRD42018086850.
尽管有研究表明，牛奶和奶制品的摄入可能会影响儿童和青春期的生长发育，但结果并不一致。本荟萃分析旨在评估随机对照试验（RCT）的现有证据，以评估牛奶和奶制品的摄入是否会影响 6-18 岁儿童和青少年的生长发育和身体成分。系统检索了 PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science 和 The Cochrane Library 数据库，以获取截至 2017 年 12 月所有关于牛奶和奶制品摄入（≥12 周）对无营养不良或疾病的参与者（6-18 岁）生长发育和身体成分影响的 RCT。根据既定的 PRISMA（系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目）指南，由 2 位评审员进行研究筛选和数据提取。使用 Cochrane 协作工具评估试验质量。使用随机效应模型对数据进行合并。纳入了 17 项涉及 2844 名儿童和青少年的试验。牛奶和奶制品干预可使体重增加（0.48 公斤；95%CI：0.19，0.76 公斤；P = 0.001）、瘦体重增加（0.21 公斤；95%CI：0.01，0.41 公斤；P =0.04）更多，而身体脂肪百分比增加减少（-0.27%；95%CI：-0.45%，-0.09%；P =0.003）与对照组相比。然而，干预组与对照组相比，脂肪量、身高或腰围均无显著变化（P≥0.05）。在亚组分析中，基线体重和年龄以及干预持续时间与牛奶和奶制品摄入对瘦体重、体脂百分比和腰围变化的疗效相关（亚组差异检验：P<0.05）。6-18 岁的儿童和青少年摄入牛奶和奶制品更有可能形成瘦体表型。本荟萃分析已在国际前瞻性系统评价注册库（PROSPERO）中注册，注册号为 CRD42018086850。
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