Keum Brian TaeHyuk, Wong Lianne Jean, Tran Emma, Nguyen Mary Minh Giao, Zhu Cathy
Department of Counseling, Developmental & Educational Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Community Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Fam Process. 2025 Mar;64(1):e13062. doi: 10.1111/famp.13062. Epub 2024 Sep 27.
Asian Americans, historically oppressed and influenced by White supremacist norms, may internalize anti-Blackness (beliefs of behaviors that minimize, marginalize, or devalue Black individuals) as they navigate White-dominated environments to survive and seek acceptance. However, there is limited research addressing the intergenerational socialization of anti-Blackness within Asian American communities and its impact as a barrier to cross-racial solidarity and involvement in anti-racism efforts. Thus, we tested whether parents' anti-Black messages were associated with fear of Black individuals and lack of empathic reactions to anti-Black racism, and in turn, related to hindrance in the perceived ability to engage in anti-racism advocacy among Asian American emerging adults. With data from 205 participants (Mage = 19.92, SD = 2.64, online convenience sample), we conducted a path analysis of parents' anti-Black messages indirectly associated with perceived ability in advocacy against anti-Black racism through fear of Black individuals and empathic reactions to anti-Black racism. Parents' anti-Black messages were associated with greater fear of Black individuals, which was associated with lower empathic reactions to racism, and in turn, ultimately associated with a lower perceived ability to engage in advocacy against anti-Black racism. This pathway was the best-fitting model compared with an alternative parallel model (fear and empathy as separate mediators) and a model with empathy as the first mediator. Our study suggests that clinicians, educators, and researchers should target parents' anti-Black messages and Asian American emerging adults' emotional responses (fear, empathy) to anti-Black racism in disrupting anti-Blackness at parental/family and individual levels.
历史上受到白人至上主义规范压迫和影响的亚裔美国人，在白人主导的环境中为了生存和寻求接纳，可能会内化反黑人观念（即那些将黑人个体最小化、边缘化或贬低其价值的行为或信念）。然而，针对亚裔美国家庭中反黑人观念的代际社会化及其作为跨种族团结和参与反种族主义努力障碍的影响的研究有限。因此，我们检验了父母的反黑人信息是否与对黑人个体的恐惧以及对反黑人种族主义缺乏共情反应相关，进而是否与亚裔美国新兴成年人在参与反种族主义倡导方面的感知能力受到阻碍有关。利用来自205名参与者（年龄均值 = 19.92，标准差 = 2.64，在线便利样本）的数据，我们进行了路径分析，以探究父母的反黑人信息如何通过对黑人个体的恐惧以及对反黑人种族主义的共情反应，间接与反对反黑人种族主义的倡导能力相关联。父母的反黑人信息与对黑人个体的更大恐惧相关，而这种恐惧又与对种族主义的较低共情反应相关，进而最终与参与反对反黑人种族主义倡导的较低感知能力相关。与替代的平行模型（恐惧和共情作为独立中介变量）以及以共情为首要中介变量的模型相比，这条路径是最拟合的模型。我们的研究表明，临床医生、教育工作者和研究人员应针对父母的反黑人信息以及亚裔美国新兴成年人对反黑人种族主义的情绪反应（恐惧、共情），在父母/家庭和个体层面打破反黑人观念。
