Iceland John, Goyette Kimberly A, Nelson Kyle Anne, Chan Chaowen
Penn State University.
Temple University.
Soc Sci Res. 2010 Jan;39(1):39-47. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.06.006.
This study examines how patterns of racial and ethnic segregation in U.S. metropolitan areas vary by household structure. Specifically, using tract-level summary files from the 2000 decennial census, we estimated levels of metropolitan segregation for different racial and ethnic groups by household composition and poverty status. We find that when using the dissimilarity index, white households with children, and especially poor ones, are more segregated from black, Hispanic, and Asian households than are white households as a whole. Results from the interaction index provide complimentary information. In large part because nonpoor white married-couple households are more numerous than other groups in most metropolitan areas, such households tend to have relatively less interaction with other racial and ethnic groups, and black and Hispanic households in particular. In contrast, minority group members often live in neighborhoods with a high proportion of non-Hispanic white households. Among all three minority group families with children, nonpoor married householders had the highest levels of interaction with whites. These results show that household structure shapes racial and ethnic residential patterns in U.S. metropolitan areas.
本研究考察了美国大都市区的种族和族裔隔离模式如何因家庭结构而异。具体而言，我们利用2000年十年一度人口普查的街区层面汇总文件，按家庭构成和贫困状况估算了不同种族和族裔群体在大都市区的隔离程度。我们发现，在使用差异指数时，有孩子的白人家庭，尤其是贫困的白人家庭，与黑人、西班牙裔和亚裔家庭的隔离程度比白人家庭整体更高。交互指数的结果提供了补充信息。在很大程度上，由于在大多数大都市区，非贫困的白人已婚夫妇家庭比其他群体更多，这类家庭往往与其他种族和族裔群体，尤其是黑人和西班牙裔家庭的互动相对较少。相比之下，少数族裔成员通常居住在非西班牙裔白人家庭比例较高的社区。在所有有孩子的三个少数族裔家庭群体中，非贫困的已婚家庭户主与白人的互动程度最高。这些结果表明，家庭结构塑造了美国大都市区的种族和族裔居住模式。
