Johnson Anamarie C, Wynne Clive D L
Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871104, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Sep 11;14(18):2632. doi: 10.3390/ani14182632.
Controversy surrounds the efficacy and welfare implications of different forms of dog training with several studies asserting that electronic shock collars have negative welfare impacts while not being more effective than non-aversive methods. However, these studies did not specify the schedule and intensity of punishment used or the effectiveness of the training method. In the current study, we attempted to train dogs across six sessions to desist from chasing a fast-moving lure in one of three randomly assigned conditions and then tested for retention and generalization in four further test trials. Group A was trained with e-collars; Group B was trained with non-aversive methods and the lure moving as with Group A; and Group C was trained as for Group B but with the lure initially moving slowly before its speed was progressively increased. All dogs in Group A stopped running towards the lure after one or two sessions, and none chased the lure in the first three tests: 67% of these dogs chased the lure in the final test in a novel arena. None of the dogs in the either Group B or C successfully refrained from chasing the moving lure in training or any test. Video behavior coding indicated few stress-related behaviors across the training groups.
不同形式的狗狗训练的效果及对狗狗福利的影响存在争议，多项研究表明，电击项圈对狗狗福利有负面影响，且并不比非厌恶型方法更有效。然而，这些研究并未具体说明所使用惩罚的频率和强度，也未提及训练方法的有效性。在本研究中，我们尝试在六个阶段对狗狗进行训练，让它们在三种随机分配的条件之一中停止追逐快速移动的诱饵，然后在另外四个测试试验中测试记忆保持和泛化情况。A组使用电子项圈进行训练；B组使用非厌恶型方法进行训练，诱饵移动方式与A组相同；C组的训练方式与B组相同，但诱饵最初移动缓慢，之后速度逐渐增加。A组所有狗狗在一两个阶段后就停止了追逐诱饵，在前三次测试中没有一只追逐诱饵：在新场地进行的最终测试中，这些狗狗中有67%追逐了诱饵。B组和C组的狗狗在训练或任何测试中都没有成功克制追逐移动诱饵的行为。视频行为编码显示，各训练组中与压力相关的行为很少。
