Cavalli Camila, Protopopova Alexandra
Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Jul 22;15(15):2162. doi: 10.3390/ani15152162.
As dogs are often required to be leashed in public, guardians need to choose between various restraint devices. While using collars typically considered aversive (such as choke, prong, or electric collars) is generally discouraged due to welfare concerns, guidance is less clear when it comes to selecting among other devices such as collars, harnesses, and head collars. This review examined 21 full-text articles and two abstracts on the effects of commonly used restraint devices, aiming to offer practical guidance for guardians and identifying areas for future research. The impact of these devices was examined in terms of walking kinematics, pressure distribution on the body, and behavioural signs of stress. The findings suggest there is no one-size-fits-all device, and selection should consider the individual needs of guardian and dog. For dogs that pull, non-tightening front-clip harnesses appear to offer the best balance between discomfort and reduction in pulling. Tightening harnesses, martingale collars, and head collars can pose greater discomfort and should be used with caution. For brachycephalic breeds or when pulling is not a concern, back-clip harnesses are suitable, especially chest-strap or Y-shaped ones. Flat collars are also appropriate for dogs that do not pull as they produce the least body restriction.
由于狗在公共场所通常需要系上牵引绳，监护人需要在各种约束装置之间做出选择。虽然出于福利考虑，通常不鼓励使用被认为具有厌恶感的项圈（如窒息项圈、刺钉项圈或电子项圈），但在选择其他装置（如项圈、背带和头部项圈）时，指导意见就不那么明确了。这篇综述研究了21篇关于常用约束装置效果的全文文章和两篇摘要，旨在为监护人提供实用指导，并确定未来研究的领域。从行走运动学、身体上的压力分布以及压力的行为迹象方面研究了这些装置的影响。研究结果表明，没有一种适用于所有情况的装置，选择时应考虑监护人和狗的个体需求。对于爱拉扯的狗，不收紧的前扣式背带似乎在不适感和减少拉扯之间提供了最佳平衡。收紧式背带、半抑制项圈和头部项圈可能会带来更大的不适感，应谨慎使用。对于短头品种或当不存在拉扯问题时，后扣式背带是合适的，尤其是胸带式或Y形背带。平项圈也适用于不拉扯的狗，因为它们对身体的限制最小。
