Colbert Taylon, Bothma Carina, Pretorius Wilben, du Toit Alba
Department of Sustainable Food Systems and Development, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
Foods. 2024 Sep 12;13(18):2896. doi: 10.3390/foods13182896.
South Africa produces high-quality maize, yet food insecurity and malnutrition are prevalent. Maize is a staple for most South Africans and is often eaten as pap, gruel cooked from maize meal (corn flour) and water without diet diversification. Considering the reliance on maize in low-income communities, could nixtamalised maize products be developed that are nutritious, homemade and consumer-acceptable? Nixtamalisation could offer a solution. However, its acceptability and nutritional benefits remain in question. We aimed to develop a product using consumer-led methods. Consumer panels evaluated and selected products using overall acceptability (9-point hedonic scale), Just-About-Right (JAR) and penalty analysis. Consumer-acceptable nixtamalised chutney-flavoured maize chips were moderately liked (7.35) and reached acceptable JAR scores (74.2%). The nixtamalised products were liked and liked very much (56%), 61% of panel members agreed and strongly agreed to purchase and prepare, and 50% to consume nixtamalised products. Nutrient analysis of the chutney chips showed high energy (2302 kJ/100 g) and total fats (23.72), of which saturated fats were 11.47%. Total fibre (17.19 g/100 g), protein (6.64 g/100 g), calcium (163.3) and magnesium (53.67 g/100 g) were promising, while high phosphorous (566.00 mg/100 g) may indicate anti-nutrients present. Nixtamalisation can alleviate food insecurity and malnutrition in countries such as South Africa.
南非生产高质量的玉米，但粮食不安全和营养不良现象却很普遍。玉米是大多数南非人的主食，通常被做成玉米糊食用，玉米糊是用玉米粉（玉米面粉）和水煮成的粥，饮食缺乏多样性。考虑到低收入社区对玉米的依赖，能否开发出营养丰富、适合家庭自制且受消费者接受的碱化玉米产品呢？碱化处理或许能提供一个解决方案。然而，其可接受性和营养益处仍存在疑问。我们旨在采用以消费者为主导的方法开发一种产品。消费者小组使用总体可接受性（9分享乐量表）、恰到好处（JAR）和惩罚分析来评估和挑选产品。消费者可接受的碱化酸辣酱口味玉米片受到一定程度的喜爱（7.35分），并达到了可接受的JAR分数（74.2%）。碱化产品受到喜爱和非常喜爱的比例为56%，61%的小组成员同意并强烈同意购买和制作，50%的人会食用碱化产品。酸辣酱玉米片的营养分析显示能量较高（2302千焦/100克）且总脂肪含量较高（23.72），其中饱和脂肪为11.47%。总纤维（17.19克/100克）、蛋白质（6.64克/100克）、钙（163.3）和镁（53.67克/100克）含量可观，而高磷含量（566.00毫克/100克）可能表明存在抗营养物质。碱化处理可以缓解南非等国的粮食不安全和营养不良问题。
