Amegbor Isaac, van Biljon Angeline, Shargie Nemera, Tarekegne Amsal, Labuschagne Maryke
Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale 00233, Ghana.
Foods. 2022 Mar 22;11(7):898. doi: 10.3390/foods11070898.
Malnutrition, as a result of deficiency in essential nutrients in cereal food products and consumption of a poorly balanced diet, is a major challenge facing millions of people in developing countries. However, developing maize inbred lines that are high yielding with enhanced nutritional traits for hybrid development remains a challenge. This study evaluated 40 inbred lines: 26 quality protein maize (QPM) lines, nine non-QPM lines, and five checks (three QPM lines and two non-QPM lines) in four optimum environments in Zimbabwe and South Africa. The objective of the study was to identify good-quality QPM inbred lines for future hybrid breeding efforts in order to increase the nutritional value of maize. The QPM lines had a lower protein content (7% lower) than that of the non-QPM lines but had 1.9 times more tryptophan and double the quality index. The lysine- and tryptophan-poor α-zein protein fraction was 41% lower in QPM than in non-QPM, with a subsequent increase in γ-zein. There was significant variation within the QPM inbred lines for all measured quality characteristics, indicating that the best lines can be selected from this material without a yield penalty. QPM lines that had both high protein and tryptophan levels, which can be used as parents for highly nutritious hybrids, were identified.
由于谷物食品中必需营养素的缺乏以及饮食结构不均衡，营养不良成为发展中国家数百万人面临的重大挑战。然而，培育具有高产特性且营养性状得到增强的玉米自交系用于杂交育种仍是一项挑战。本研究在津巴布韦和南非的四个最佳环境中对40个自交系进行了评估：26个优质蛋白玉米（QPM）自交系、9个非QPM自交系和5个对照系（3个QPM自交系和2个非QPM自交系）。该研究的目的是鉴定优质QPM自交系，以便未来进行杂交育种，提高玉米的营养价值。QPM自交系的蛋白质含量比非QPM自交系低（低7%），但色氨酸含量高出1.9倍，品质指数则高出一倍。QPM中赖氨酸和色氨酸含量低的α-玉米醇溶蛋白组分比非QPM低41%，γ-玉米醇溶蛋白含量随之增加。所有测定的品质特征在QPM自交系中均存在显著差异，这表明可以从这些材料中选出最佳自交系，而不会对产量造成损失。研究鉴定出了蛋白质和色氨酸含量均高的QPM自交系，可作为高营养杂交种的亲本。
