Yao Lulu, He Peimin, Xia Zhangyi, Li Jiye, Liu Jinlin
College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Biology (Basel). 2024 Aug 30;13(9):678. doi: 10.3390/biology13090678.
Owing to global climate change or the ever-more frequent human activities in the offshore areas, it is highly probable that an imbalance in the offshore ecosystem has been induced. However, the importance of maintaining and protecting marine ecosystems' balance cannot be overstated. In recent years, various marine disasters have occurred frequently, such as harmful algal blooms (green tides and red tides), storm surge disasters, wave disasters, sea ice disasters, and tsunami disasters. Additionally, overpopulation of certain marine organisms (particularly marine faunas) has led to marine disasters, threatening both marine ecosystems and human safety. The marine ecological disaster monitoring system in China primarily focuses on monitoring and controlling the outbreak of green tides (mainly caused by outbreaks of some species) and red tides (mainly caused by outbreaks of some diatom and dinoflagellate species). Currently, there are outbreaks of Cnidaria (Hydrozoa and Scyphozoa organisms; outbreak species are frequently referred to as jellyfish), Annelida ( Drasche, 1880), Mollusca ( S. Tchang, 1934), Arthropoda ( Hansen, 1919), and Echinodermata (Asteroidea organisms, Ophiuroidea organisms, and Semper, 1867) in China. They not only cause significant damage to marine fisheries, tourism, coastal industries, and ship navigation but also have profound impacts on marine ecosystems, especially near nuclear power plants, sea bathing beaches, and infrastructures, posing threats to human lives. Therefore, this review provides a detailed introduction to the marine organisms (especially marine fauna species) causing marine biological disasters in China, the current outbreak situations, and the biological backgrounds of these outbreaks. This review also provides an analysis of the causes of these outbreaks. Furthermore, it presents future prospects for marine biological disasters, proposing corresponding measures and advocating for enhanced resource utilization and fundamental research. It is recommended that future efforts focus on improving the monitoring of marine biological disasters and integrating them into the marine ecological disaster monitoring system. The aim of this review is to offer reference information and constructive suggestions for enhancing future monitoring, early warning systems, and prevention efforts related to marine ecological disasters in support of the healthy development and stable operation of marine ecosystems.
由于全球气候变化或近海区域人类活动日益频繁，极有可能已经引发了近海生态系统的失衡。然而，维持和保护海洋生态系统平衡的重要性无论如何强调都不为过。近年来，各种海洋灾害频繁发生，如有害藻华（绿潮和赤潮）、风暴潮灾害、海浪灾害、海冰灾害和海啸灾害。此外，某些海洋生物（特别是海洋动物）数量过多也引发了海洋灾害，对海洋生态系统和人类安全都构成了威胁。中国的海洋生态灾害监测系统主要侧重于监测和控制绿潮（主要由某些物种爆发引起）和赤潮（主要由某些硅藻和甲藻物种爆发引起）的爆发。目前，中国出现了刺胞动物门（水螅虫纲和钵水母纲生物；爆发物种常被称为水母）、环节动物门（德拉施，1880年）、软体动物门（张玺，1934年）、节肢动物门（汉森，1919年）和棘皮动物门（海星纲生物、蛇尾纲生物，以及森珀，1867年）的爆发情况。它们不仅对海洋渔业、旅游业、沿海产业和船舶航行造成重大破坏，还对海洋生态系统产生深远影响，尤其是在核电站附近、海水浴场和基础设施附近，对人类生命构成威胁。因此，本综述详细介绍了在中国引发海洋生物灾害的海洋生物（特别是海洋动物物种）、当前的爆发情况以及这些爆发的生物学背景。本综述还分析了这些爆发的原因。此外，它呈现了海洋生物灾害的未来前景，提出了相应措施，并倡导加强资源利用和基础研究。建议未来努力改进海洋生物灾害监测，并将其纳入海洋生态灾害监测系统。本综述的目的是提供参考信息和建设性建议，以加强未来与海洋生态灾害相关的监测、预警系统和预防工作，支持海洋生态系统健康发展和稳定运行。
