Yuan Shuyun, Li Ying, Bao Fangwen, Xu Haoxiang, Yang Yuping, Yan Qiushi, Zhong Shuqiao, Yin Haoyang, Xu Jiajun, Huang Ziwei, Lin Jian
School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150059, China; Center for Oceanic and Atmospheric Science at SUSTech (COAST), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
Center for Oceanic and Atmospheric Science at SUSTech (COAST), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Department of Ocean Sciences and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Feb 1;858(Pt 1):159741. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159741. Epub 2022 Oct 27.
Basic monitoring of the marine environment is crucial for the early warning and assessment of marine hydrometeorological conditions, climate change, and ecosystem disasters. In recent years, many marine environmental monitoring platforms have been established, such as offshore platforms, ships, or sensors placed on specially designed buoys or submerged marine structures. These platforms typically use a variety of sensors to provide high-quality observations, while they are limited by low spatial resolution and high cost during data acquisition. Satellite remote sensing allows monitoring over a larger ocean area; however, it is susceptible to cloud contamination and atmospheric effects that subject the results to large uncertainties. Unmanned vehicles have become more widely used as platforms in marine science and ocean engineering in recent years due to their ease of deployment, mobility, and the low cost involved in data acquisition. Researchers can acquire data according to their schedules and convenience, offering significant improvements over those obtained by traditional platforms. This study presents the state-of-the-art research on available unmanned vehicle observation platforms, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), underwater gliders (UGs), unmanned surface vehicles (USVs), and unmanned ships (USs), for marine environmental monitoring, and compares them with satellite remote sensing. The recent applications in marine environments have focused on marine biochemical and ecosystem features, marine physical features, marine pollution, and marine aerosols monitoring, and their integration with other products are also analysed. Additionally, the prospects of future ocean observation systems combining unmanned vehicle platforms (UVPs), global and regional autonomous platform networks, and remote sensing data are discussed.
海洋环境的基础监测对于海洋水文气象条件、气候变化和生态系统灾害的早期预警及评估至关重要。近年来，已建立了许多海洋环境监测平台，如海上平台、船舶，或放置在专门设计的浮标或水下海洋结构上的传感器。这些平台通常使用各种传感器来提供高质量观测数据，然而，它们在数据采集过程中受到空间分辨率低和成本高的限制。卫星遥感能够对更大的海洋区域进行监测；然而，它容易受到云层污染和大气影响，导致结果存在很大的不确定性。近年来，无人驾驶运载工具由于其易于部署、机动性强以及数据采集成本低，在海洋科学和海洋工程中作为平台得到了更广泛的应用。研究人员可以根据自己的时间表和便利性获取数据，与传统平台获取的数据相比有显著改进。本研究介绍了用于海洋环境监测的现有无人驾驶运载工具观测平台的最新研究情况，包括无人机（UAV）、水下滑翔机（UG）、无人水面航行器（USV）和无人船（US），并将它们与卫星遥感进行了比较。近期在海洋环境中的应用主要集中在海洋生化和生态系统特征、海洋物理特征、海洋污染以及海洋气溶胶监测方面，还分析了它们与其他产品的整合情况。此外，还讨论了结合无人驾驶运载工具平台（UVP）、全球和区域自主平台网络以及遥感数据的未来海洋观测系统的前景。
