Animal Science Department, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Sheep & Goat Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot 010018, China.
Genes (Basel). 2024 Sep 1;15(9):1154. doi: 10.3390/genes15091154.
Goats () have always been a source of fiber for human use and hold an important place in international high-end textiles. Fiber diameter is the most concerning economic indicator for producers. Understanding the formation mechanism of fiber diameter and its related key proteins can help optimize and control the production of cashmere.
Cashmere goats ( = 36) of the Alpas ( = 18) and Alxa ( = 18) breeds, with a similar age (2 years old) and live weight (25-26 kg), were selected from the Yiwei White Cashmere Goat Breeding Farm, Erdos, Inner Mongolia. Using phenotypic indicators, we evaluated the diameter of the cashmere fibers in Alxa and Alpas goats. We also used electron microscopy to examine the cashmere fiber's structure and label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to determine the protein content of the two cashmere fibers. The proteins affecting fiber diameter were identified and analyzed by Western blot, Co-Immunoprecipitation, and bioinformatics analysis.
The average diameter of the Alxa breed was smaller ( < 0.05) than that of the Alpas breed (Alxa's cashmere vs. Alpas' cashmere). Proteomics technology enabled the highly confident detection of 171 proteins. A total of 68 differentially expressed proteins were identified in the two types of cashmere; 131 proteins were specifically expressed in Alpas goats, and 40 proteins were specifically expressed in Alxa goats. A key protein group that could cause variations in fiber diameter was found using the protein-protein interaction network. To ascertain the reason for the variation in fiber diameter, a structural study of the major protein groups was carried out.
, , , and are the main proteins impacting the diameter difference, and they have a substantial effect on the average fiber diameter.
山羊一直是人类纤维的来源，在国际高端纺织品中占有重要地位。纤维直径是生产者最关心的经济指标。了解纤维直径的形成机制及其相关关键蛋白，可以帮助优化和控制羊绒的生产。
从鄂尔多斯市伊维白绒山羊种羊场选择阿尔巴斯（n = 18）和阿尔泰（n = 18）品种、年龄（2 岁）和活重（25-26kg）相近的绒山羊 36 只，采用表型指标评估阿尔巴斯和阿尔泰绒山羊的纤维直径。利用电子显微镜观察羊绒纤维的结构，采用无标记液相色谱-串联质谱法测定两种羊绒纤维的蛋白含量。通过 Western blot、Co-Immunoprecipitation 和生物信息学分析鉴定和分析影响纤维直径的蛋白质。
阿尔巴斯品种的平均直径较小（<0.05）。蛋白质组学技术能够高度可靠地检测到 171 种蛋白质。在两种羊绒中鉴定出 68 种差异表达蛋白；131 种蛋白在阿尔巴斯山羊中特异性表达，40 种蛋白在阿尔泰山羊中特异性表达。利用蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络发现了一组可导致纤维直径变化的关键蛋白。为了确定纤维直径变化的原因，对主要蛋白质组进行了结构研究。
差异表达蛋白主要包括 、 、 、 ，对平均纤维直径有显著影响。
