Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, 23422 Lomma, Sweden.
Genes (Basel). 2024 Sep 10;15(9):1187. doi: 10.3390/genes15091187.
Turnip rape is a multi-purpose crop cultivated in temperate regions. Due to its ability to fit into crop rotation systems and its role as a food and feed source, spring-type turnip rape cultivation is on the rise. To improve the crop's productivity and nutritional value, it is essential to understand its genetic diversity. In this study, 188 spring-type accessions were genotyped using SeqSNP, a targeted genotyping-by-sequencing method to determine genetic relationships between various groups and assess the potential effects of mutations within genes regulating major desirable traits. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) alleles at six loci were predicted to have high effects on their corresponding genes' functions, whereas nine loci had country/region-specific alleles. A neighbor-joining cluster analysis revealed three major clusters (I to III). About 72% of cluster-I accessions were of Asian origin, whereas 88.5% of European accessions and all North American accessions were placed in cluster-II or cluster-III. A principal coordinate analysis explained 65.3% of the total genetic variation. An analysis of molecular variance revealed significant differentiation among different groups of accessions. Compared to Asian cultivars, European and North American cultivars share more genetic similarities. Hence, crossbreeding Asian and European cultivars may result in improved cultivars due to desirable allele recombination. Compared to landraces and wild populations, the cultivars had more genetic variation, indicating that breeding had not caused genetic erosion. There were no significant differences between Swedish turnip rape cultivars and the NordGen collection. Hence, crossbreeding with genetically distinct cultivars could enhance the gene pool's genetic diversity and facilitate superior cultivar development.
芜菁是一种在温带地区种植的多用途作物。由于其适应轮作制度的能力以及作为食品和饲料来源的作用，春型芜菁的种植正在增加。为了提高作物的生产力和营养价值，了解其遗传多样性至关重要。在这项研究中，使用 SeqSNP 对 188 个春型品种进行了基因型分析，SeqSNP 是一种靶向基因分型测序方法，用于确定不同群体之间的遗传关系，并评估调控主要理想性状的基因内突变的潜在影响。预测六个基因座的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）等位基因对其相应基因的功能有很大影响，而九个基因座具有国家/地区特异性等位基因。基于邻接聚类分析，发现存在三个主要聚类（I 至 III）。大约 72%的聚类-I 品种来源于亚洲，而 88.5%的欧洲品种和所有北美品种都位于聚类-II 或聚类-III。主坐标分析解释了 65.3%的总遗传变异。分子方差分析显示不同品种群体之间存在显著分化。与亚洲品种相比，欧洲和北美品种之间具有更多的遗传相似性。因此，由于有利等位基因的重组，亚洲和欧洲品种的杂交可能会产生改良品种。与地方品种和野生群体相比，品种具有更多的遗传变异，表明品种选育没有导致遗传侵蚀。瑞典芜菁品种与 NordGen 收集品之间没有显著差异。因此，与遗传上不同的品种进行杂交可以增强基因库的遗传多样性，促进优良品种的发展。
