National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia.
Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Sep 20;25(18):10097. doi: 10.3390/ijms251810097.
The increasing burden of vascular dysfunction on healthcare systems worldwide results in higher morbidity and mortality rates across pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases. Vasculopathy is suggested to be caused by the dysregulation of vascular niches, a microenvironment of vascular structures comprising anatomical structures, extracellular matrix components, and various cell populations. These elements work together to ensure accurate control of the vascular network. In recent years, autophagy has been recognized as a crucial regulator of the vascular microenvironment responsible for maintaining basic cell functions such as proliferation, differentiation, replicative senescence, and apoptosis. Experimental studies indicate that autophagy activation can be enhanced or inhibited in various pathologies associated with vascular dysfunction, suggesting that autophagy plays both beneficial and detrimental roles. Here, we review and assess the principles of autophagy organization and regulation in non-tumor vascular niches. Our analysis focuses on significant figures in the vascular microenvironment, highlighting the role of autophagy and summarizing evidence that supports the systemic or multiorgan nature of the autophagy effects. Finally, we discuss the critical organizational and functional aspects of the vasculogenic niche, specifically in relation to autophagy. The resulting dysregulation of the vascular microenvironment contributes to the development of vascular dysfunction.
血管功能障碍给全球医疗系统带来的负担不断增加，导致包括心血管疾病在内的各种疾病的发病率和死亡率上升。血管病变被认为是血管龛位失调引起的，血管龛位是血管结构的一个微环境，包括解剖结构、细胞外基质成分和各种细胞群体。这些元素共同作用，以确保对血管网络的精确控制。近年来，自噬被认为是血管微环境的关键调节因子，负责维持细胞的基本功能，如增殖、分化、复制性衰老和细胞凋亡。实验研究表明，自噬的激活在与血管功能障碍相关的各种病理中可以增强或抑制，这表明自噬既具有有益作用，也具有有害作用。在这里，我们回顾和评估了非肿瘤性血管龛位中自噬组织和调节的原则。我们的分析集中在血管微环境中的重要人物身上，强调了自噬的作用，并总结了支持自噬效应系统性或多器官性质的证据。最后，我们讨论了血管生成龛位的关键组织和功能方面，特别是与自噬有关的方面。血管微环境的失调导致了血管功能障碍的发展。
