Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
Pathology Unit, Papardo Hospital, 98158 Messina, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Sep 22;25(18):10182. doi: 10.3390/ijms251810182.
Thyroid nodules are a common, benign condition with a higher prevalence in women, individuals with iodine deficiency, and radiation exposure. Treatment options for benign thyroid nodules include pharmaceutical therapy, thyroidectomy, and thermal ablation (TA). TA, including laser ablation (LA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and microwave ablation (MWA), is a procedure that uses heat to cause tissue necrosis. It is commonly used for large, firm, benign, non-functioning thyroid nodules that cause severe symptoms or pain when surgery is not recommended or desired. When thyroid nodules do not respond to TA, they undergo surgery to resolve the symptoms and clarify the diagnosis. This study aims to analyze the histological alterations found in surgically excised TA-treated thyroid nodules and to evaluate the morphological criteria of differential diagnosis between benign and malignant nodules, establishing whether the alterations observed on the histological sample are a consequence of TA or indicative of neoplastic disease. For this purpose, the adoption of ancillary methods, such as immunohistochemistry, is fundamental to distinguish the artifacts induced by TA from the typical morphological characteristics of malignant neoplasms.
甲状腺结节是一种常见的良性疾病，在女性、碘缺乏和辐射暴露个体中更为常见。良性甲状腺结节的治疗选择包括药物治疗、甲状腺切除术和热消融 (TA)。TA 包括激光消融 (LA)、射频消融 (RFA) 和微波消融 (MWA)，是一种利用热来引起组织坏死的程序。它常用于因手术不推荐或不希望进行而导致严重症状或疼痛的大、硬、良性、无功能甲状腺结节。当甲状腺结节对 TA 无反应时，会进行手术以解决症状并明确诊断。本研究旨在分析手术切除的 TA 治疗甲状腺结节中发现的组织学改变，并评估良性和恶性结节之间鉴别诊断的形态学标准，确定在组织学样本中观察到的改变是 TA 的结果还是肿瘤性疾病的指征。为此，采用辅助方法，如免疫组织化学，对于将 TA 引起的假象与恶性肿瘤的典型形态学特征区分开来至关重要。
