Bossio Sabrina, Urlandini Lidia, Perri Anna, Conforti Francesco, Aversa Antonio, Di Agostino Silvia, Rago Vittoria
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
Life (Basel). 2024 Aug 30;14(9):1094. doi: 10.3390/life14091094.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the third highest cause of cancer death in men. PCa is a very heterogeneous tumor form in terms of grade, phenotypes, and genetics, often accompanied by complex networks. PCa is characterized by slow growth that does not compromise the patient's quality of life, unlike more aggressive forms showing rapid growth and progression. Early diagnosis, even for the most aggressive forms, increases the possibilities of cure with less aggressive treatments and fewer side effects. However, it is important to know how to decrease the exposure to modifiable risk factors, including diet, sedentary life, smoking and alcohol, can represent an effective tool to reduce the incidence of PCa. In addition, the chronic exposure to environmental factors, most of which act as endocrine disruptors, is the focus of recent studies for their potential role in promoting the onset and progression of PCa. Although molecular therapies and clinical trials for biomarker identification have been introduced into the management of PCa, these still lag behind research performed in other solid tumors. This review provides an overview of the modifiable factors of PCa, linked to lifestyle and environmental pollutants, which together with the development of new therapeutic targets, can reduce the incidence of PCa and improve the quality of life of patients.
前列腺癌（PCa）是男性癌症死亡的第三大原因。就分级、表型和遗传学而言，PCa是一种非常异质性的肿瘤形式，常伴有复杂的网络。PCa的特点是生长缓慢，不会损害患者的生活质量，这与表现出快速生长和进展的更具侵袭性的肿瘤形式不同。即使对于最具侵袭性的形式，早期诊断也会增加采用侵袭性较小的治疗方法治愈且副作用较少的可能性。然而，重要的是要知道如何减少接触可改变的风险因素，包括饮食、久坐不动的生活方式、吸烟和饮酒，这可能是降低PCa发病率的有效手段。此外，长期接触环境因素，其中大多数作为内分泌干扰物，因其在促进PCa发生和进展中的潜在作用而成为近期研究的重点。尽管分子疗法和用于生物标志物识别的临床试验已被引入PCa的管理中，但这些仍落后于在其他实体瘤中进行的研究。本综述概述了与生活方式和环境污染物相关的PCa可改变因素，这些因素与新治疗靶点的开发一起，可以降低PCa的发病率并改善患者的生活质量。
