Kowalski Tomasz, Klusiewicz Andrzej, Rębiś Kinga, Wilk Adrian, Starczewski Michał
Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport-National Research Institute, 01-982 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Faculty in Biala Podlaska, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland.
Life (Basel). 2024 Sep 13;14(9):1159. doi: 10.3390/life14091159.
Respiratory muscle training (RMT) improves endurance performance, balance, and ability to repeat high-intensity exercise bouts, providing a rationale to be applied in short-track speedskating. To establish a preferable RMT method for short-track speedskating, the influence of inspiratory pressure threshold loading (IPTL) and voluntary isocapnic hyperpnoea (VIH) on cardiopulmonary indices and athletic performance was investigated. Sixteen elite short-track speedskaters completed 6 weeks of RMT based on IPTL or VIH. Wingate Anaerobic Tests (WAnTs), cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPETs), spirometry assessments, and on-ice time trials were performed before and after RMT intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess the differences between each method's influence. No statistically significant ( > 0.05) differences between RMT methods were found in performance during the WAnT, CPET, or specific on-ice time trials. Spirometry measures were similar between both methods. Significant effects were found for the interaction between maximum breathing frequency during CPET (BFmax) and method ( = 0.009), as well as for the interaction between BFMax, method, and sex ( = 0.040). BFmax decreased for IPTL and increased for VIH. The interaction between method and sex revealed that BFmax increased only in males performing VIH. Our findings suggest that IPTL and VIH lead to analogous effects in the study participants, highlighting a negligible practical disparity in the impact of different RMT methods in elite short-track speedskaters.
呼吸肌训练（RMT）可提高耐力表现、平衡能力以及重复高强度运动回合的能力，这为其在短道速滑中的应用提供了理论依据。为确定一种更适合短道速滑的RMT方法，研究了吸气压力阈值负荷（IPTL）和自愿性等碳酸过度通气（VIH）对心肺指标和运动表现的影响。16名优秀短道速滑运动员完成了基于IPTL或VIH的6周RMT训练。在RMT干预前后进行了温盖特无氧测试（WAnT）、心肺运动测试（CPET）、肺活量测定评估和冰上计时赛。采用重复测量方差分析来评估每种方法影响之间的差异。在WAnT、CPET或特定冰上计时赛的表现方面，未发现RMT方法之间存在统计学显著差异（>0.05）。两种方法的肺活量测定结果相似。发现CPET期间最大呼吸频率（BFmax）与方法之间的交互作用有显著影响（=0.009），以及BFmax、方法和性别之间的交互作用有显著影响（=0.040）。IPTL时BFmax降低，VIH时BFmax升高。方法与性别之间的交互作用表明，仅在进行VIH的男性中BFmax增加。我们的研究结果表明，IPTL和VIH对研究参与者产生类似的影响，突出了不同RMT方法对优秀短道速滑运动员影响的实际差异可忽略不计。
