Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno 21000, Peru.
Asociación Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina (ACEM), Puno 21000, Peru.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Aug 25;21(9):1119. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21091119.
Chronic exposure to severe hypoxia causes an increase in hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), which can lead to excessive erythrocytosis (EE) and impact physical performance. This work aims to determine the differences in the six-minute walking test (6MWT) between EE and healthy subjects residing at more than 5000 m.
A prospective, cross-sectional study was performed on 71 men (36 healthy and 25 suffering from EE) living in La Rinconada, Peru (5100 m). Basal levels of [Hb] and Hct were obtained. All the subjects performed the 6MWT, and distance reached, vital signs, dyspnea, and fatigue (Borg scale) at the end of the test were recorded.
The average [Hb] and Hct levels in the control group were 18.7 ± 1.2 g/dL and 60.4 ± 7.1%, respectively, contrasting with EE subjects, who showed 23.4 ± 1.6 g/dL and 73.6 ± 5.9% ( < 0.001). However, no statistically significant differences were observed in BMI or other anthropometric parameters. At the end of the 6MWT, the distance traveled and vital constants were similar between both groups, except for arterial oxygen saturation, which was consistently lower in subjects with EE throughout the test.
EE does not significantly affect 6MWT performance at high altitudes, nor the hemodynamic control during moderate aerobic exercise of subjects who live permanently in a severely hypoxic environment.
慢性暴露于严重缺氧会导致红细胞比容（Hct）和血红蛋白浓度增加，从而导致红细胞增多症（EE）和影响身体机能。本研究旨在比较居住在海拔 5000 米以上的 EE 和健康人群在六分钟步行测试（6MWT）中的差异。
对居住在秘鲁拉林科纳达（海拔 5100 米）的 71 名男性（36 名健康男性和 25 名 EE 患者）进行前瞻性、横断面研究。测量 [Hb]和 Hct 的基础水平。所有受试者均进行 6MWT，并记录达到的距离、生命体征、呼吸困难和疲劳（Borg 量表）。
对照组的平均 [Hb]和 Hct 水平分别为 18.7 ± 1.2 g/dL 和 60.4 ± 7.1%，而 EE 患者分别为 23.4 ± 1.6 g/dL 和 73.6 ± 5.9%（<0.001）。然而，两组之间的 BMI 或其他人体测量参数没有统计学上的显著差异。在 6MWT 结束时，两组之间的距离和生命常数相似，但 EE 患者的动脉血氧饱和度在整个测试中始终较低。
EE 不会显著影响高海拔地区的 6MWT 表现，也不会影响长期生活在严重低氧环境中的受试者进行适度有氧运动时的血液动力学控制。
