Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA.
Pangolin LLC, 260 Southhampton Ave., Berkeley, CA 94707, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Sep 23;21(9):1259. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21091259.
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected vulnerable populations, including residents of assisted living facilities (ALFs). This study investigates the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and mass vaccination campaigns on SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics within four ALFs in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States from January to April 2021. Initial observations reveal a significant SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in Maricopa County, with 7452 new COVID-19 cases reported on 4 January 2021. Wastewater surveillance indicates elevated viral loads within ALFs with peak concentrations reaching 1.35 × 10 genome copies/L at Facility 1 and 4.68 × 10 copies/L at Facility 2. The implementation of NPIs, including isolation protocols, resulted in a rapid decline in viral loads in wastewater. Following mass vaccination campaigns, viral loads reduced across all facilities, except Facility 4. Facility 1 demonstrated a mean viral load decrease from 1.65 × 10 copies/L to 1.04 × 10 copies/L post-vaccination, with a statistically significant U-statistic of 28.0 (-value = 0.0027). Similar trends are observed in Facilities 2 and 3, albeit with varying degrees of statistical significance. In conclusion, this study provides evidence supporting the role of NPIs and vaccination campaigns in controlling SARS-CoV-2 transmission within ALFs.
标题：美国亚利桑那州马里科帕县四家辅助生活设施中 COVID-19 的非药物干预和大规模疫苗接种活动对传播动力学的影响
摘要：本研究调查了 2021 年 1 月至 4 月期间，美国亚利桑那州马里科帕县四家辅助生活设施（ALFs）中，非药物干预（NPIs）和大规模疫苗接种活动对 SARS-CoV-2 传播动态的影响。初步观察结果显示，马里科帕县的 SARS-CoV-2 流行率很高，2021 年 1 月 4 日报告了 7452 例新的 COVID-19 病例。废水监测表明，ALFs 内的病毒载量升高，峰值浓度在设施 1 达到 1.35×10^8 基因组拷贝/L，在设施 2 达到 4.68×10^7 拷贝/L。实施 NPIs，包括隔离协议，导致废水中的病毒载量迅速下降。大规模疫苗接种活动后，除设施 4 外，所有设施的病毒载量均有所降低。设施 1 在接种疫苗后，病毒载量从 1.65×10^8 拷贝/L 降低到 1.04×10^8 拷贝/L，U 统计量具有统计学意义（U 值=28.0，p 值=0.0027）。设施 2 和 3 也观察到类似的趋势，尽管统计学意义程度不同。综上所述，本研究提供了证据支持 NPIs 和疫苗接种活动在控制 ALFs 中 SARS-CoV-2 传播方面的作用。
