Zhu Jianshen, Ding Jinmei, Yang Kaixuan, Zhou Hao, Yang Wenhao, Qin Chao, Wang Liyuan, Xiao Fuquan, Zhang Beibei, Niu Qing, Zhou Zhenxiang, Yu Shengqing, Huang Qizhong, Wang Shaohui, Meng He
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China.
Microorganisms. 2024 Aug 23;12(9):1743. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12091743.
Pullorum disease, an intestinal disease in chickens caused by serovar pullorum ( Pullorum), is a significant threat to the poultry industry and results in substantial economic losses. The bacteria's transmission, both vertical and horizontal, makes it difficult to completely eliminate it. Control strategies for pullorum disease primarily involve stringent eradication programs that cull infected birds and employ antibiotics for treatment. However, eradication programs are costly, and antibiotic use is restricted. Therefore, developing alternative control strategies is essential. Increasingly, studies are focusing on modulating the gut microbiota to control intestinal diseases. Modulating the chicken gut microbiota may offer a novel strategy for preventing and controlling pullorum disease in poultry. However, the impact of Pullorum on the chicken gut microbiota has not been well established, prompting our exploration of the relationship between Pullorum and the chicken gut microbiota in this study. In this study, we initially analyzed the dynamic distribution of the gut microbiota in chickens infected with Pullorum. Alpha diversity analysis revealed a decrease in observed OTUs and the Shannon diversity index in the infected group, suggesting a reduction in the richness of the chicken gut microbiota due to Pullorum infection. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed distinct clusters between the gut microbiota of infected and uninfected groups, indicating Pullorum infection changed the chicken gut microbiota structure. Specifically, Pullorum infection enriched the relative abundance of the genera (65% in infected vs. 40.6% in uninfected groups) and (10.8% vs. 3.7%) while reducing the abundance of (9.9% vs. 32%) in the chicken microbiota. Additionally, based on the observed changes in the chicken gut microbiota, we isolated microorganisms, including , and () which were decreased by Pullorum infection. Notably, the Lp02 strain was found to effectively inhibit Pullorum proliferation in vitro and alleviate its infection in vivo. We found that Pullorum infection reduced the richness of the chicken gut microbiota and enriched the relative abundance of the genera and while decreasing the abundance of the anaerobic genus Furthermore, microbiota analysis enabled the isolation of several antimicrobial microorganisms from healthy chicken feces, with a strain notably inhibiting Pullorum proliferation in vitro and alleviating its infection in vivo. Overall, this research enhances our understanding of the interaction between gut microbiota and pathogen infection, as well as offers new perspectives and strategies for modulating the chicken gut microbiota to control pullorum disease.
鸡白痢是由鸡白痢沙门氏菌（Pullorum）引起的鸡肠道疾病，对家禽业构成重大威胁，并导致巨大经济损失。该细菌的垂直和水平传播使得彻底根除它变得困难。鸡白痢的控制策略主要包括严格的根除计划，即扑杀感染鸡并使用抗生素进行治疗。然而，根除计划成本高昂，且抗生素的使用受到限制。因此，开发替代控制策略至关重要。越来越多的研究聚焦于调节肠道微生物群以控制肠道疾病。调节鸡的肠道微生物群可能为预防和控制家禽鸡白痢提供一种新策略。然而，Pullorum对鸡肠道微生物群的影响尚未明确，促使我们在本研究中探索Pullorum与鸡肠道微生物群之间的关系。在本研究中，我们首先分析了感染Pullorum的鸡肠道微生物群的动态分布。α多样性分析显示，感染组的观测OTU和香农多样性指数降低，表明Pullorum感染导致鸡肠道微生物群的丰富度降低。主坐标分析（PCoA）显示，感染组和未感染组的肠道微生物群之间存在明显的聚类，表明Pullorum感染改变了鸡肠道微生物群的结构。具体而言，Pullorum感染使鸡微生物群中属和属的相对丰度增加（感染组为65%，未感染组为40.6%），同时降低了属的丰度（9.9%对32%）。此外，基于观察到的鸡肠道微生物群变化，我们分离出了包括、和（）在内的微生物，这些微生物因Pullorum感染而减少。值得注意的是，发现Lp02菌株在体外能有效抑制Pullorum增殖，并在体内减轻其感染。我们发现，Pullorum感染降低了鸡肠道微生物群的丰富度，增加了属和属的相对丰度，同时降低了厌氧属的丰度。此外，微生物群分析使我们能够从健康鸡粪便中分离出几种抗菌微生物，其中一种菌株在体外显著抑制Pullorum增殖，并在体内减轻其感染。总体而言，本研究增强了我们对肠道微生物群与病原体感染之间相互作用的理解，并为调节鸡肠道微生物群以控制鸡白痢提供了新的视角和策略。
