Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Bioactive Substance Discovery of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
Hunan Province Sino-US International Joint Research Center for Therapeutic Drugs of Senile Degenerative Diseases, Changsha 410208, China.
Molecules. 2024 Sep 11;29(18):4300. doi: 10.3390/molecules29184300.
The gardenia flower not only has extremely high ornamental value but also is an important source of natural food and spices, with a wide range of uses. To support the development of gardenia flower products, this study used headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) technology to compare and analyze the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of fresh gardenia flower and those after using four different drying methods (vacuum freeze-drying (VFD), microwave drying (MD), hot-air drying (HAD), and vacuum drying (VD)). The results show that, in terms of shape, the VFD sample is almost identical to fresh gardenia flower, while the HAD, MD, and VD samples show significant changes in appearance with clear wrinkling; a total of 59 volatile organic compounds were detected in the gardenia flower, including 13 terpenes, 18 aldehydes, 4 esters, 8 ketones, 15 alcohols, and 1 sulfide. Principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), and partial least-squares regression analysis (PLS-DA) were performed on the obtained data, and the research found that different drying methods impact the VOCs of the gardenia flower. VFD or MD may be the most effective alternative to traditional sun-drying methods. Considering its drying efficiency and production cost, MD has the widest market prospects.
栀子花不仅具有极高的观赏价值，还是天然食品和香料的重要来源，用途广泛。为支持栀子花产品的开发，本研究采用顶空气相色谱-离子迁移谱（HS-GC-IMS）技术，比较和分析了鲜栀子花和经四种不同干燥方法（真空冷冻干燥（VFD）、微波干燥（MD）、热风干燥（HAD）和真空干燥（VD））处理后的栀子花的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）。结果表明，在外观上，VFD 样品与鲜栀子花几乎相同，而 HAD、MD 和 VD 样品的外观变化明显，出现明显褶皱；共检测到 59 种挥发性有机化合物，包括 13 种萜烯、18 种醛、4 种酯、8 种酮、15 种醇和 1 种硫化物。对所得数据进行主成分分析（PCA）、聚类分析（CA）和偏最小二乘回归分析（PLS-DA），研究发现不同干燥方法会影响栀子花的 VOCs。VFD 或 MD 可能是传统日晒方法的最有效替代方法。考虑到其干燥效率和生产成本，MD 具有最广阔的市场前景。
