Akhtar Muhammad Saeed, Ali Sajid, Zaman Wajid
Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
Molecules. 2024 Sep 11;29(18):4317. doi: 10.3390/molecules29184317.
The growing presence of diverse pollutants, including heavy metals, organic compounds, pharmaceuticals, and emerging contaminants, poses significant environmental and health risks. Traditional methods for pollutant removal often face limitations in efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in innovative adsorbents designed to address these challenges. It explores a wide array of non-conventional adsorbent materials, such as nanocellulose, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), graphene-based composites, and biochar, emphasizing their sources, structural characteristics, and unique adsorption mechanisms. The review discusses adsorption processes, including the basic principles, kinetics, isotherms, and the factors influencing adsorption efficiency. It highlights the superior performance of these materials in removing specific pollutants across various environmental settings. The practical applications of these adsorbents are further explored through case studies in industrial settings, pilot studies, and field trials, showcasing their real-world effectiveness. Additionally, the review critically examines the economic considerations, technical challenges, and environmental impacts associated with these adsorbents, offering a balanced perspective on their viability and sustainability. The conclusion emphasizes future research directions, focusing on the development of scalable production methods, enhanced material stability, and sustainable regeneration techniques. This comprehensive assessment underscores the transformative potential of innovative adsorbents in pollutant remediation and their critical role in advancing environmental protection.
包括重金属、有机化合物、药物和新兴污染物在内的各种污染物日益增多，带来了重大的环境和健康风险。传统的污染物去除方法在效率、选择性和可持续性方面往往面临局限性。本综述全面分析了旨在应对这些挑战的新型吸附剂的最新进展。它探讨了各种非常规吸附材料，如纳米纤维素、金属有机框架（MOF）、石墨烯基复合材料和生物炭，强调了它们的来源、结构特征和独特的吸附机制。该综述讨论了吸附过程，包括基本原理、动力学、等温线以及影响吸附效率的因素。它突出了这些材料在各种环境条件下去除特定污染物方面的卓越性能。通过工业环境中的案例研究、中试研究和现场试验进一步探索了这些吸附剂的实际应用，展示了它们在现实世界中的有效性。此外，该综述批判性地审视了与这些吸附剂相关的经济考量、技术挑战和环境影响，对其可行性和可持续性提供了一个平衡的观点。结论强调了未来的研究方向，重点是开发可扩展的生产方法、提高材料稳定性和可持续的再生技术。这一全面评估强调了新型吸附剂在污染物修复中的变革潜力及其在推进环境保护方面的关键作用。
