Medical Devices Unit, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow G3 8SJ, UK.
School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HR, UK.
Viruses. 2024 Sep 3;16(9):1406. doi: 10.3390/v16091406.
Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) has been identified a constellation of congenital anomalies caused by Zika Virus (ZKV) infection during pregnancy. The infection with ZKV could lead to microcephaly of the fetus due to a severe decrease in brain volume and reduced brain growth. The preliminary screening of CZS is based on measuring head circumference; the diagnosis is made if this measurement is below two standard deviations below the mean. The analyses of the 3D head features of infected infants are limited. This study analyzed 3D head images of 35 ZKV-positive cases with an average age of 16.8 ± 2 months and 35 controls with an average age of 14.4 ± 5 months. This study focused on identifying potential diagnostic characteristics of CZS. The 3D head images were captured using a 3D imaging system. The averaged images of the two groups were aligned to illustrate the size and shape differences. There were significant differences in centroid size, head circumference (HC), head height (HH), and chin height (CH) between the two groups. We also identified significant differences in the indices of chin height/total facial height (CH/TFH) and head height/head circumference ratio (HH/HC) between the CZS and control cases. An HH/HC of 0.49 showed a sensitivity of 0.86 and a specificity of 0.74 in diagnosing CZS, which is more sensitive than the routinely used HC measurement. The index of HH/HC has potential to be used as the gold standard for the early screening for the detection of CZS cases.
先天性寨卡综合征（CZS）已被确定为一系列先天性异常，由怀孕期间寨卡病毒（ZKV）感染引起。ZKV 的感染可导致胎儿小头畸形，因为脑容量严重减少和脑生长减少。CZS 的初步筛查基于测量头围；如果测量值低于平均值的两个标准差，则可做出诊断。感染婴儿的 3D 头部特征分析有限。本研究分析了 35 例 ZKV 阳性病例的 3D 头部图像，平均年龄为 16.8±2 个月，以及 35 例平均年龄为 14.4±5 个月的对照组。本研究重点是确定 CZS 的潜在诊断特征。使用 3D 成像系统捕获 3D 头部图像。将两组的平均图像对齐，以说明大小和形状差异。两组之间的质心大小、头围（HC）、头高（HH）和下巴高（CH）存在显著差异。我们还发现 CZS 病例和对照组之间的下巴高/总面高指数（CH/TFH）和头高/头围比（HH/HC）存在显著差异。HH/HC 的值为 0.49 时，对 CZS 的诊断具有 0.86 的敏感性和 0.74 的特异性，比常规使用的 HC 测量更敏感。HH/HC 指数有可能成为早期筛查 CZS 病例的金标准。
