Petruccioli Elisa, Sbarra Settimia, Vita Serena, Salmi Andrea, Cuzzi Gilda, De Marco Patrizia, Matusali Giulia, Navarra Assunta, Pierelli Luca, Grifoni Alba, Sette Alessandro, Maggi Fabrizio, Nicastri Emanuele, Goletti Delia
Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.
Highly Infectious Diseases Isolation Unit, Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Aug 26;12(9):964. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12090964.
Monkeypox (Mpox) is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), an Orthopoxvirus (OPXV). Since we are observing the first MPXV outbreak outside the African continent, the general population probably does not have a pre-existing memory response for MPXV but may have immunity against the previous smallpox vaccine based on a live replicating Vaccinia strain (VACV). Using a whole blood platform, we aim to study the MPXV- T-cell-specific response in Mpox-cured subjects.
We enrolled 16 subjects diagnosed with Mpox in the previous 3-7 months and 15 healthy donors (HD) with no recent vaccination history. Whole blood was stimulated overnight with MPXV and VACV peptides to elicit CD4 and CD8 T-cell-specific responses, which were evaluated by ELISA and multiplex assay.
Mpox-cured subjects showed a significant IFN-γ T-cell response to MPXV and VACV. Besides IFN-γ, IL-6, IP-10, IL-8, IL-2, G-CSF, MCP-1, MIP1-α, MIP-1β, IL-1Rα, and IL-5 were significantly induced after specific stimulation compared to the unstimulated control. The specific response was mainly induced by the CD4 peptides MPX-CD4-E and VACV-CD4.
We showed that MPXV-specific responses have a mixed Th1- and Th2-response in a whole blood platform assay, which may be useful for monitoring the specific immunity induced by vaccination or infection.
猴痘是由正痘病毒属（OPXV）的猴痘病毒（MPXV）引起的一种人畜共患病。由于我们正在观察非洲大陆以外的首次MPXV疫情，普通人群可能对MPXV没有预先存在的记忆反应，但可能基于活的复制痘苗病毒株（VACV）对先前的天花疫苗具有免疫力。我们旨在使用全血平台研究猴痘治愈患者中MPXV特异性T细胞反应。
我们招募了16名在过去3至7个月内被诊断为猴痘的患者以及15名近期无疫苗接种史的健康供者（HD）。用MPXV和VACV肽对全血进行过夜刺激，以引发CD4和CD8 T细胞特异性反应，通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和多重检测进行评估。
猴痘治愈患者对MPXV和VACV表现出显著的IFN-γ T细胞反应。与未刺激的对照相比，特异性刺激后，除IFN-γ外，IL-6、IP-10、IL-8、IL-2、G-CSF、MCP-1、MIP1-α、MIP-1β、IL-1Rα和IL-5也被显著诱导。特异性反应主要由CD4肽MPX-CD4-E和VACV-CD4诱导。
我们表明，在全血平台检测中，MPXV特异性反应具有混合的Th1和Th2反应，这可能有助于监测疫苗接种或感染诱导的特异性免疫。
