Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7a, 31-034, Kraków, Poland.
Clin Exp Med. 2024 Sep 28;24(1):232. doi: 10.1007/s10238-024-01496-9.
Nowadays, a pathological increase in the permeability of the intestinal barrier (the so-called leaky gut) is increasingly being diagnosed. This condition can be caused by various factors, mainly from the external environment. Damage to the intestinal barrier entails a number of adverse phenomena: dysbiosis, translocation of microorganisms deep into the intestinal tissue, immune response, development of chronic inflammation. These phenomena can ultimately lead to a vicious cycle that promotes the development of inflammation and further damage to the barrier. Activated immune cells in mucosal tissues with broken barriers can migrate to other organs and negatively affect their functioning. Damaged intestinal barrier can facilitate the development of local diseases such as irritable bowel disease, inflammatory bowel disease or celiac disease, but also the development of systemic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, hepatitis, and lupus erythematosus, neurodegenerative or psychiatric conditions, or metabolic diseases such as diabetes or obesity. However, it must be emphasized that the causal links between a leaky gut barrier and the onset of certain diseases often remain unclear and require in-depth research. In light of recent research, it becomes crucial to prevent damage to the intestinal barrier, as well as to develop therapies for the barrier when it is damaged. This paper presents the current state of knowledge on the causes, health consequences and attempts to treat excessive permeability of the intestinal barrier.
如今，越来越多的人被诊断出肠道屏障通透性病理性增加（即所谓的“肠漏”）。这种情况可能由多种因素引起，主要来自外部环境。肠道屏障受损会导致一系列不良现象：微生态失调、微生物向肠道组织深层移位、免疫反应、慢性炎症的发展。这些现象最终可能导致一个恶性循环，促进炎症的发展和进一步的屏障损伤。受损的黏膜组织中的免疫细胞可以迁移到其他器官，并对其功能产生负面影响。受损的肠道屏障会促进局部疾病的发展，如肠易激综合征、炎症性肠病或乳糜泻，但也会导致全身性炎症性疾病的发展，如类风湿关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、肝炎和狼疮，神经退行性或精神疾病，或代谢性疾病，如糖尿病或肥胖症。然而，必须强调的是，肠漏与某些疾病发作之间的因果关系往往仍不清楚，需要深入研究。鉴于最近的研究，预防肠道屏障损伤以及在其受损时开发针对该屏障的治疗方法变得至关重要。本文介绍了肠道屏障通透性过度的原因、对健康的影响以及治疗尝试的最新知识。
