von Noorden G K
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1985 Dec;26(12):1704-16.
Clinically different forms of amblyopia share as common denominators an inability to form well-defined and focused images in one or both eyes and, in the case of unilateral amblyopia, unequal visual input to the brain. This suggests two amblyopiogenic mechanisms which are effective, individually or in unison, in the various forms of amblyopia. The first is lack of adequate visual stimulation during infancy, causing visual deprivation. The second mechanism is based on abnormal binocular interaction. The clinical evidence and data from the animal laboratory will be reviewed in support of this dual etiological concept of amblyopia. An etiological classification of amblyopia suggested in 1972 on hypothetical grounds can be upheld on the basis of information that has accumulated since that time. Amblyopia is not a static condition but has a strong dynamic component since its severity can be modified by the type of stimulation received by the sound eye. Special emphases is placed in this lecture on this unique feature which is based on binocular interaction and is similar to the inhibition of afferent visual stimulation during suppression.
临床上不同类型的弱视有一些共同特征，即一只或两只眼睛无法形成清晰聚焦的图像，对于单眼弱视而言，大脑接收到的视觉输入不均衡。这提示了两种导致弱视的机制，它们单独或共同作用于各种类型的弱视。第一种是婴儿期缺乏足够的视觉刺激，导致视觉剥夺。第二种机制基于双眼相互作用异常。将回顾临床证据和动物实验数据，以支持这种弱视的双重病因概念。1972年基于假设提出的弱视病因分类，根据此后积累的信息可以成立。弱视不是一种静态状况，而是具有很强的动态成分，因为其严重程度可因健眼所接受的刺激类型而改变。本讲座特别强调这一基于双眼相互作用且类似于抑制期传入视觉刺激抑制的独特特征。
