Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Toxicol Lett. 2024 Nov;401:139-149. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.09.006. Epub 2024 Sep 27.
Exposure load (EL) is an indicator of multiple chemical exposures based on human biomonitoring data. We used EL methodology and human biomonitoring health-based guidance values (HB2GVs) as exposure thresholds to create a new metric called Cumulative Health Risk from Exposure Load (CHREL). HB2GVs are derived by calculating the concentration of a biomarker consistent with a health protective exposure guidance value. CHREL analysis was conducted using Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) cycle 3 and 4 biomonitoring data. Based on 18 chemicals, more than half of the Canadian population had an estimated CHREL of 1 or more, indicative of chemical exposures potentially above selected exposure guidance values. Females had a significantly lower CHREL compared to males, 12-19 year olds had a lower CHREL compared to older age groups (significant compared to 40-59 year olds), and nonsmokers had a significantly lower CHREL than smokers. Small segments of the population had a CHREL or a CHREL of 1 or more, indicating exposures potentially above guideline levels for chemicals affecting the liver or nervous system. CHREL was calculated based on 6 chemicals with HB2GVs derived for cancer endpoints. At the 10 risk level, most people had an estimated CHREL of 3, indicative of multiple chemicals that may exceed negligible cancer risk. The most important contributors to exposures above HB2GVs were inorganic arsenic, mercury, acrylamide, xylenes, benzene and triclosan. Keeping certain assumptions, uncertainties and limitations in mind, the CHREL indicator can be used to obtain a picture of potential cumulative health risks from combined chemical exposures in a population, and as a comparative measure between subpopulations, including vulnerable subgroups.
暴露负荷 (EL) 是基于人体生物监测数据的多种化学暴露指标。我们使用 EL 方法和人体生物监测健康基准指导值 (HB2GV) 作为暴露阈值，创建了一个新的指标，称为累积健康风险来自暴露负荷 (CHREL)。HB2GV 是通过计算与健康保护暴露指导值一致的生物标志物浓度得出的。CHREL 分析使用加拿大健康测量调查 (CHMS) 第 3 期和第 4 期生物监测数据进行。基于 18 种化学物质，超过一半的加拿大人估计 CHREL 为 1 或更高，表明化学暴露可能超过选定的暴露指导值。与男性相比，女性的 CHREL 明显较低，12-19 岁的人比年龄较大的人群（与 40-59 岁的人相比具有统计学意义）的 CHREL 较低，非吸烟者的 CHREL 明显低于吸烟者。人口中的一小部分人 CHREL 或 CHREL 为 1 或更高，表明接触化学物质可能超过影响肝脏或神经系统的指南水平。CHREL 是基于具有癌症终点 HB2GV 的 6 种化学物质计算得出的。在 10 个风险水平下，大多数人估计的 CHREL 为 3，表明可能有多种化学物质超过了微不足道的癌症风险。导致暴露量超过 HB2GV 的主要因素是无机砷、汞、丙烯酰胺、二甲苯、苯和三氯生。在考虑某些假设、不确定性和限制的情况下，可以使用 CHREL 指标来了解人群中来自多种化学物质的潜在累积健康风险，并作为亚人群之间的比较指标，包括脆弱亚群。
