Duong Chelsea, Rodriquez Erik J, Hinerman Amanda S, Hooshmand Somy, Claudel Sophie E, Benowitz Neal L, Pérez-Stable Eliseo J
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Department of Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2024 Dec 2;33(12):1586-1597. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0744.
Tobacco biomarkers reflect smoking intensity and are used to assess cessation status. No study has evaluated variation by Latino heritage.
Data from the 2007 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to evaluate geometric mean concentrations of serum cotinine and urinary total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), stratified by smoking status and race and ethnicity, and ROC curves estimated values to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers by race and ethnicity and Latino heritage.
The sample (n = 18,597) was 50.1% female, 16.6% Latino (58.6% Mexican, 10.4% Central American, 9.1% South American, 7.3% Puerto Rican, 3.5% Dominican, 2.7% Cuban, and 8.4% other Latinos, overall), 12.7% Black, and 70.7% White. Black nonsmokers and smokers had the highest cotinine concentrations (0.1 and 177.1 ng/mL), and among nonsmokers, Black individuals had the highest NNAL concentrations (1.4 pg/mL). Latino smokers had the lowest cotinine (32.7 ng/mL) and NNAL (63.9 pg/mL) concentrations. Among Latino smokers, Puerto Rican individuals had higher concentrations of cotinine (100.0 ng/mL) and NNAL (136.4 pg/mL). Cotinine levels defining smoking (Black: 9.1 ng/mL; Latino: 0.9 ng/mL; White: 3.8 ng/mL) and NNAL (Black: 24.1 pg/mL; Latino: 5.7 pg/mL; White: 15.5 pg/mL) varied. Puerto Rican adults (cotinine: 8.5 ng/mL; NNAL: 17.2 pg/mL) had higher levels than Central American (cotinine: 1.0 ng/mL, NNAL: 5.5 pg/mL) and Mexican (cotinine: 0.9 ng/mL, NNAL: 6.0 pg/mL) adults.
Cotinine and NNAL concentrations that define smoking differed by race and ethnicity and by heritage among Latinos, showing meaningful differences.
Cessation interventions with biomarker validation need to consider Latino heritage.
烟草生物标志物反映吸烟强度，用于评估戒烟状态。尚无研究评估拉丁裔群体中这些生物标志物的差异。
利用2007年至2014年美国国家健康与营养检查调查的数据，评估血清可替宁和尿中总4-(甲基亚硝胺基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁醇(NNAL)的几何平均浓度，按吸烟状况、种族和族裔分层，并通过ROC曲线估计按种族、族裔和拉丁裔群体区分吸烟者与非吸烟者的值。
样本(n = 18,597)中女性占50.1%，拉丁裔占16.6%(总体上，墨西哥裔占58.6%，中美洲裔占10.4%，南美洲裔占9.1%，波多黎各裔占7.3%，多米尼加裔占3.5%，古巴裔占2.7%，其他拉丁裔占8.4%)，黑人占12.7%，白人占70.7%。黑人非吸烟者和吸烟者的可替宁浓度最高(分别为0.1和177.1 ng/mL)，在非吸烟者中，黑人个体的NNAL浓度最高(1.4 pg/mL)。拉丁裔吸烟者的可替宁(32.7 ng/mL)和NNAL(63.9 pg/mL)浓度最低。在拉丁裔吸烟者中，波多黎各裔个体的可替宁(100.0 ng/mL)和NNAL(136.4 pg/mL)浓度较高。定义吸烟的可替宁水平(黑人：9.1 ng/mL；拉丁裔：0.9 ng/mL；白人：3.8 ng/mL)和NNAL水平(黑人：24.1 pg/mL；拉丁裔：5.7 pg/mL；白人：15.5 pg/mL)有所不同。波多黎各成年人(可替宁：8.5 ng/mL；NNAL：17.2 pg/mL)的水平高于中美洲成年人(可替宁：1.0 ng/mL，NNAL：5.5 pg/mL)和墨西哥成年人(可替宁：0.9 ng/mL，NNAL：6.0 pg/mL)。
定义吸烟的可替宁和NNAL浓度因种族、族裔以及拉丁裔群体内部的血统不同而存在差异，差异显著。
基于生物标志物验证的戒烟干预措施需要考虑拉丁裔群体的血统因素。
