Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 505055, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
Arch Biochem Biophys. 2024 Nov;761:110168. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110168. Epub 2024 Sep 28.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly microvesicles (MVs), have gained significant attention for their role as mediators of intercellular communication in both physiological and pathological contexts, including diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the emerging roles of MVs in the pathogenesis of diabetes and associated complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, cardiomyopathy, and neuropathy. MVs, through their cargo of proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and miRNAs, regulate critical processes like inflammation, oxidative stress, immune responses, and tissue remodeling, all of which contribute to the progression of diabetes and its complications. We examine the molecular mechanisms underlying MVs' involvement in these pathological processes and discuss their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic tools, particularly for drug delivery. Despite promising evidence, challenges remain in isolating and characterizing MVs, understanding their molecular mechanisms, and validating them for clinical use. Advanced techniques such as single-cell RNA sequencing and proteomics are required to gain deeper insights. Improved isolation and purification methods are essential for translating MVs into clinical applications, with potential to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes in diabetes.
细胞外囊泡（EVs），特别是微囊泡（MVs），因其在生理和病理情况下作为细胞间通讯的介质的作用而受到广泛关注，包括糖尿病（DM）及其并发症。本综述全面分析了 MVs 在糖尿病发病机制及相关并发症（如肾病、视网膜病变、心肌病和神经病变）中的新作用。MVs 通过其携带的蛋白质、脂质、mRNA 和 miRNA，调节炎症、氧化应激、免疫反应和组织重塑等关键过程，这些过程都有助于糖尿病及其并发症的进展。我们研究了 MVs 参与这些病理过程的分子机制，并讨论了它们作为生物标志物和治疗工具的潜力，特别是在药物递送方面。尽管有很有前景的证据，但仍存在一些挑战，如 MVs 的分离和鉴定、对其分子机制的理解以及验证其在临床应用中的可行性。需要单细胞 RNA 测序和蛋白质组学等先进技术来获得更深入的见解。改进的分离和纯化方法对于将 MVs 转化为临床应用至关重要，这有可能开发出新型的诊断和治疗策略，以改善糖尿病患者的预后。
