TIBIO Suisse Romande, Chemin de Bérée 4C, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de La Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2024 Nov;416(28):6377-6386. doi: 10.1007/s00216-024-05524-1. Epub 2024 Oct 1.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental contaminants with bioaccumulation potential, particularly affecting aquatic ecosystems and human health also via fish consumption. There is therefore a need for reliable extraction methods and studies to accurately assess PFAS levels in fish, crucial for understanding bioaccumulation and potential toxicological effects on both fish and humans through consumption. This study investigated PFAS levels in freshwater fish from Swiss lakes, focusing on six common species: Coregonus wartmanni, Cyprinus carpio, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Perca fluviatilis, Salmo trutta, and Squalius cephalus. Utilizing an optimized QuEChERS extraction method, 15 PFAS were analyzed in 218 fish fillet samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results were compared to EU regulations and EFSA guidelines for tolerable weekly intake (TWI), with a specific focus on correlations between fish size and PFAS concentration. Our findings reveal significant PFAS contamination, particularly in Perca fluviatilis with perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) levels often exceeding EU safety limits. TWI, calculated for a person of 70 kg body weight and an intake of 200 g of fish fillet, is exceeded in 95% of Coregonus wartmanni, 100% of Squalius cephalus, and in 55%, 50%, and 36% of the specimens Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salmo trutta, and Perca fluviatilis respectively. Correlation analysis between PFAS concentration and fish size in 121 Salmo trutta specimens revealed significant positive correlations for perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and a negative correlation for perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA). These results underscore the critical need for continuous monitoring and regulatory efforts to mitigate PFAS exposure risks to both ecosystems and human health.
全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 是具有生物累积潜力的持久性环境污染物，尤其通过鱼类消费对水生生态系统和人类健康产生影响。因此，需要可靠的提取方法和研究来准确评估鱼类中的 PFAS 水平，这对于了解鱼类和人类通过消费而产生的生物累积和潜在毒理学影响至关重要。本研究调查了瑞士湖泊中淡水鱼中的 PFAS 水平，重点关注六种常见物种：瓦氏雅罗鱼、鲤鱼、虹鳟、河鲈、鳜鱼和梭鲈。利用优化的 QuEChERS 提取方法，在 218 个鱼片样本中使用液相色谱-质谱法 (LC-MS/MS) 分析了 15 种 PFAS。结果与欧盟法规和 EFSA 可耐受每周摄入量 (TWI) 进行了比较，特别关注了鱼体大小与 PFAS 浓度之间的相关性。我们的研究结果表明存在显著的 PFAS 污染，特别是在河鲈中，全氟辛烷磺酸 (PFOS) 和全氟己烷磺酸 (PFHxS) 的水平经常超过欧盟安全限值。对于体重为 70 公斤的人，摄入 200 克鱼片，TWI 计算值在 95%的瓦氏雅罗鱼、100%的梭鲈中被超过，在 55%、50%和 36%的虹鳟、鳜鱼和河鲈样本中被超过。对 121 个鳜鱼样本中 PFAS 浓度与鱼体大小的相关性分析表明，全氟丁烷磺酸 (PFBS)、全氟癸酸 (PFDA) 和全氟己烷磺酸 (PFHxS) 呈显著正相关，而全氟戊酸 (PFPeA) 呈显著负相关。这些结果突出表明，需要持续监测和监管努力来减轻 PFAS 对生态系统和人类健康的暴露风险。
