Giari L, Guerranti C, Perra G, Cincinelli A, Gavioli A, Lanzoni M, Castaldelli G
Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jun 10;876:162828. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162828. Epub 2023 Mar 15.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are resistant to breakdown and are now considered ubiquitous and concerning contaminants. Although scientific and legislative interest in these compounds has greatly increased in recent decades, our knowledge about their environmental fate and their effects on organisms is still incomplete, especially those of the new generation PFAS. In this study, we analysed the level of PFAS contamination in the fish fauna of the Po River, the most important waterway in Italy, to evaluate the influence of different factors (such as fish ecological traits and parasitism) on the accumulation of 17 PFAS. After solvent extraction and purification, hepatic or intestinal tissues from forty specimens of bleak, channel catfish, and barbel were analysed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LOQ = 2.5 ng/g w.w.). The prevalent PFAS were perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), present in all samples at the highest concentration (reaching a maximum of 126.4 ng/g and 114.4 ng/g in bleak and channel catfish, respectively), and long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFDA and PFUnDA). Perfluorooctanoic acid and new generation PFAS (Gen X and C6O4) were not detected. Comparison of the hepatic contamination between the benthic channel catfish and the pelagic bleak showed similar concentrations of PFOS (p > 0.05) but significantly higher concentrations of other individual PFAS and of the sum of all measured PFAS (p < 0.05) in bleak. No correlation was found between the hepatic level of PFAS and fish size in channel catfish. For the first time, PFAS partitioning in a parasite-fish system was studied: intestinal acanthocephalans accumulated PFOS at lower levels than the intestinal tissue of their host (barbel), in contrast to what has been reported for other pollutants (e.g., metals). The infection state did not significantly alter the level of PFAS accumulation in fish, and acanthocephalans do not appear to be a good bioindicator of PFAS pollution.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）具有抗降解性，如今被视为普遍存在且令人担忧的污染物。尽管近几十年来科学界和立法界对这些化合物的兴趣大幅增加，但我们对其环境归宿及其对生物体影响的了解仍然不完整，尤其是新一代PFAS。在本研究中，我们分析了意大利最重要的水道波河鱼类区系中的PFAS污染水平，以评估不同因素（如鱼类生态特征和寄生虫感染）对17种PFAS积累的影响。经过溶剂萃取和净化后，采用液相色谱-质谱联用仪（定量限=2.5纳克/克湿重）对40条麦穗鱼、沟鲶和鲤的肝脏或肠道组织进行了分析。普遍存在的PFAS是全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS），所有样本中其浓度最高（麦穗鱼和沟鲶中分别达到最大值126.4纳克/克和114.4纳克/克），以及长链全氟烷基羧酸（PFDA和PFUnDA）。未检测到全氟辛酸和新一代PFAS（Gen X和C6O4）。底栖的沟鲶和中上层的麦穗鱼肝脏污染情况比较显示，PFOS浓度相似（p>0.05），但麦穗鱼中其他单个PFAS以及所有测量的PFAS总和的浓度显著更高（p<0.05）。在沟鲶中，PFAS的肝脏水平与鱼的大小之间未发现相关性。首次研究了寄生虫-鱼类系统中PFAS的分配情况：肠道棘头虫积累的PFOS水平低于其宿主（鲤）的肠道组织，这与其他污染物（如金属）的报道情况相反。感染状态并未显著改变鱼类中PFAS的积累水平，棘头虫似乎不是PFAS污染的良好生物指示物。
