ICAR - Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
ICAR - Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
BMC Plant Biol. 2024 Sep 30;24(1):908. doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-05569-5.
Sustainable crop production along with best nutrient use efficiency is the key indicator of smart agriculture. Foliar application of plant nutrients can complement soil fertilization with improved nutrient uptake, translocation and utilization. Recent developments in slow releasing, nano-fertilizers in agriculture, begins a new era for sustainable use and management of natural resources. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of nano-nitrogen usage on plant growth, yield attributes and sustaining rice production while optimizing fertilizer N application through conventional (prilled urea) and nano-N source under salt stress conditions.
The strategic substitutions of traditional urea by nano-nitrogen was distributed from partial to complete with 33, 50, 66 and 100% applications. Further, the strategic substitutions were compared in saline (ECe ∼ 6.0 dSm) and sodic stress (pH ∼ 9.1) conditions along with normal soils to dissect the beneficial response of nano-N in two rice varieties (CSR 30 and PB 1121). Salt stress affected the plant performance by decreasing leaf relative water content upto 10%, total chlorophyll content by 1.3-1.5%, leaf area upto 29.9%, gas exchange attributes by 10-39%, with concomitant yield reductions upto ∼ 4%. Collateral improvement in leaf greenness (SPAD index) crop growth rate and net assimilation rate was observed with foliar application of Nano-N. 0.2-1.64% enhancement in growth traits, 0.93-1.85% in physiological traits, and comparable yield gains with 100% recommended dose of prilled were comparative with nano-substitutions. Salt tolerant rice variety, CSR-30 performed better than PB 1121 with better expression of morphological, physiological and yield traits under stress conditions and nitrogen substitutions.
Overall, our experimental findings revealed agricultural use of nano-N in improving the plant physiological efficiency and optimizing rice yields with partial N substitution through nano fertilizers under salt stress conditions. These studies are further open for futuristic aspects of long term effects of nano-fertilizers on soil nutrient depletion in correlation to yield enhancement in salt affected soils.
可持续的作物生产以及最佳的养分利用效率是智慧农业的关键指标。叶面施用以提高养分吸收、转运和利用为目的的植物营养可以补充土壤施肥。农业中缓慢释放的纳米肥料的最新发展开创了可持续利用和管理自然资源的新纪元。本研究旨在探讨纳米氮的使用对植物生长、产量性状的有效性，并在盐胁迫条件下通过常规（粒状尿素）和纳米氮源优化肥料氮的应用来维持水稻生产。
战略性地用纳米氮替代传统的尿素，从部分替代到完全替代，分别为 33%、50%、66%和 100%。此外，在正常土壤以及盐（ECe∼6.0 dSm）和碱胁迫（pH∼9.1）条件下比较了这些替代方案，以剖析纳米氮在两个水稻品种（CSR 30 和 PB 1121）中的有益响应。盐胁迫通过降低叶片相对含水量达 10%、总叶绿素含量达 1.3-1.5%、叶面积达 29.9%、气体交换属性达 10-39%，从而影响植物的性能，导致产量减少达 4%左右。叶面喷施纳米氮可观察到叶片绿色（SPAD 指数）、作物生长速率和净同化率的协同改善。与推荐的粒状尿素剂量相比，生长性状提高 0.2-1.64%，生理性状提高 0.93-1.85%，产量相当。耐盐水稻品种 CSR-30 在胁迫条件和氮替代下，比 PB 1121 表现出更好的形态、生理和产量性状表达。
总的来说，我们的实验结果表明，在盐胁迫条件下，通过纳米肥料进行部分氮替代，可以提高植物的生理效率，优化水稻产量，并在农业中使用纳米氮。这些研究进一步为纳米肥料对土壤养分耗竭的长期影响与盐渍土增产之间的关系的未来前景提供了依据。
