Wang Yiran, Liu Meixuan, Zhang Wei, Liu Huan, Jin Fang, Mao Shulei, Han Chunmao, Wang Xingang
Department of Burns and Wound Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, China.
The Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, China.
Burns Trauma. 2024 Sep 30;12:tkae039. doi: 10.1093/burnst/tkae039. eCollection 2024.
Vascularization is a major challenge in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Mechanical factors have been demonstrated to play a fundamental role in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis and can affect the architecture of the generated vascular network. Through the regulation of mechanical factors in engineered tissues, various mechanical strategies can be used to optimize the preformed vascular network and promote its rapid integration with host vessels. Optimization of the mechanical properties of scaffolds, including controlling scaffold stiffness, increasing surface roughness and anisotropic structure, and designing interconnected, hierarchical pore structures, is beneficial for the formation of vascular networks and the ingrowth of host blood vessels. The incorporation of hollow channels into scaffolds promotes the formation of patterned vascular networks. Dynamic stretching and perfusion can facilitate the formation and maturation of preformed vascular networks . Several indirect mechanical strategies provide sustained mechanical stimulation to engineered tissues , which further promotes the vascularization of implants within the body. Additionally, stiffness gradients, anisotropic substrates and hollow channels in scaffolds, as well as external cyclic stretch, boundary constraints and dynamic flow culture, can effectively regulate the alignment of vascular networks, thereby promoting better integration of prevascularized engineered tissues with host blood vessels. This review summarizes the influence and contribution of both scaffold-based and external stimulus-based mechanical strategies for vascularization in tissue engineering and elucidates the underlying mechanisms involved.
血管化是组织工程和再生医学领域的一项重大挑战。机械因素已被证明在血管发生和血管生成中起重要作用，并会影响所生成血管网络的结构。通过调控工程组织中的机械因素，可以采用多种机械策略来优化预先形成的血管网络，并促进其与宿主血管的快速整合。优化支架的机械性能，包括控制支架刚度、增加表面粗糙度和各向异性结构，以及设计相互连接的分级孔隙结构，有利于血管网络的形成和宿主血管的长入。在支架中引入中空通道可促进图案化血管网络的形成。动态拉伸和灌注可促进预先形成的血管网络的形成和成熟。一些间接的机械策略可为工程组织提供持续的机械刺激，进而促进体内植入物的血管化。此外，支架中的刚度梯度、各向异性基质和中空通道，以及外部循环拉伸、边界约束和动态流培养，可有效调节血管网络的排列，从而促进预血管化工程组织与宿主血管的更好整合。本综述总结了基于支架和基于外部刺激的机械策略对组织工程中血管化的影响和贡献，并阐明了其中涉及的潜在机制。
