Lin Peng, Zhang Shiwei, Komatsubara Futa, Konishi Hiroaki, Nakata Eiji, Morii Takashi
Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji-shi, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-hommachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
Chempluschem. 2025 Feb;90(2):e202400483. doi: 10.1002/cplu.202400483. Epub 2024 Nov 7.
Cells have used compartmentalization to implement complex biological processes involving thousands of enzyme cascade reactions. Enzymes are spatially organized into the cellular compartments to carry out specific and efficient reactions in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. These compartments are divided into membrane-bound and membraneless organelles. Mimicking such cellular compartment systems has been a challenge for years. A variety of artificial scaffolds, including liposomes, polymersomes, proteins, nucleic acids, or hybrid materials have been used to construct artificial membrane-bound or membraneless compartments. These artificial compartments may have great potential for applications in biosynthesis, drug delivery, diagnosis and therapeutics, among others. This review first summarizes the typical examples of cellular compartments. In particular, the recent studies on cellular membraneless organelles (biomolecular condensates) are reviewed. We then summarize the recent advances in the construction of artificial compartments using engineered platforms. Finally, we provide our insights into the construction of biomimetic systems and the applications of these systems. This review article provides a timely summary of the relevant perspectives for the future development of artificial compartments, the building blocks for the construction of artificial organelles or cells.
细胞利用区室化来实现涉及数千个酶级联反应的复杂生物过程。酶在细胞区室中进行空间组织，以便以时空控制的方式进行特定且高效的反应。这些区室分为膜结合细胞器和无膜细胞器。多年来，模仿这种细胞区室系统一直是一项挑战。包括脂质体、聚合物囊泡、蛋白质、核酸或混合材料在内的各种人工支架已被用于构建人工膜结合或无膜区室。这些人工区室在生物合成、药物递送、诊断和治疗等方面可能具有巨大的应用潜力。本综述首先总结细胞区室的典型例子。特别地，对细胞无膜细胞器（生物分子凝聚物）的最新研究进行了综述。然后，我们总结了利用工程平台构建人工区室的最新进展。最后，我们阐述了对构建仿生系统及其应用的见解。这篇综述文章及时总结了关于人工区室未来发展的相关观点，人工区室是构建人工细胞器或细胞的基本组成部分。
