Division of Hematology and Blood Bank, Department of Laboratory Science, School of Paramedical Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Med Oncol. 2024 Oct 1;41(11):257. doi: 10.1007/s12032-024-02485-4.
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), a prevalent malignancy predominantly affecting children, poses challenges such as drug resistance and cytotoxicity despite available treatment methods. The persistence of these challenges underscores the necessity for innovative therapeutic approaches to enhance efficacy. Natural compounds derived from plants, recognized for their potential to inhibit cancer cell growth, have drawn attention. Trifolium pratense extract, known for its significant anticancer properties in previous studies, was the focus of this investigation. This experimental study aimed to explore the impact of T. pratense extract on apoptosis and autophagy in NALM-6 cells. The cells were exposed to varying concentrations of the extract at specific time intervals, with viability and metabolic activity assessed using Trypan blue exclusion and MTT assays. Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate apoptosis using Annexin V/PI staining and ROS production using DCFH-DA staining. Real-time PCR was used to quantify gene expression related to apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress, with data analysis performed using GraphPad PRISM software. Trifolium pratense extract demonstrated the capacity to induce apoptosis, autophagy, and significantly increase ROS production in NALM-6 cells. These effects were facilitated by the upregulation of corresponding genes. The MTT assay revealed an IC50 of 231 μg/mL at 48 h, and Flow cytometry analysis showed a 51.8% increase in apoptosis in this cell line. Overall, this study emphasizes the effectiveness of T. pratense extract in inducing autophagy and apoptosis pathways in NALM-6 cells derived from B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, suggesting its potential as a candidate for further investigation as a supplement in ALL treatment.
B 细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病（B-ALL）是一种常见的恶性肿瘤，主要影响儿童，尽管有现有的治疗方法，但仍存在耐药性和细胞毒性等挑战。这些挑战的存在突显了需要创新的治疗方法来提高疗效。植物来源的天然化合物因其抑制癌细胞生长的潜力而受到关注。红车轴草提取物在之前的研究中表现出显著的抗癌特性，是本研究的重点。这项实验研究旨在探讨红车轴草提取物对 NALM-6 细胞凋亡和自噬的影响。将细胞暴露于不同浓度的提取物在特定的时间间隔，使用台盼蓝排除和 MTT 测定法评估细胞活力和代谢活性。流式细胞术使用 Annexin V/PI 染色评估凋亡，使用 DCFH-DA 染色评估 ROS 产生。使用实时 PCR 定量与凋亡、自噬和氧化应激相关的基因表达，使用 GraphPad PRISM 软件进行数据分析。红车轴草提取物在 NALM-6 细胞中显示出诱导凋亡、自噬和显著增加 ROS 产生的能力。这些作用是通过相应基因的上调来实现的。MTT 测定法在 48 小时时显示出 231μg/mL 的 IC50，流式细胞术分析显示该细胞系的凋亡增加了 51.8%。总的来说，这项研究强调了红车轴草提取物在诱导 NALM-6 细胞（源自 B 细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病）自噬和凋亡途径方面的有效性，表明其作为 ALL 治疗补充剂的进一步研究的潜力。
