Department of Dermatology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Pediatric Allergy- Immunology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
Arch Dermatol Res. 2024 Oct 1;316(9):655. doi: 10.1007/s00403-024-03358-6.
Pemphigus is an IgG-mediated autoimmune condition characterized by autoantibodies targeting desmogleins, leading to acantholysis. Current treatments, including systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs, are associated with significant adverse effects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer a promising alternative due to their immunomodulatory properties and low immunogenicity. This study evaluates the immunomodulatory effects of dental follicle mesenchymal stem cells (DF-MSCs) obtained from healthy donors on Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) patients and healthy controls by examining T-cell proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine levels, and anti-desmoglein 1/3 IgG profiles. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from twenty-one symptomatic PV patients and eleven healthy volunteers. DF-MSCs were characterized and differentiated into osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were co-cultured with DF-MSCs, and various assays were conducted to evaluate T-cell proliferation, apoptosis, regulatory T cells, cytokine expression, and autoantibody levels. Results showed that DF-MSC co-cultures significantly reduced lymphocyte proliferation (43.58-16.27%), IL-4 (38.06 ng/L to 32.26 ng/L), TNF-α (32.45 ng/L to 29.41 ng/L), and DSG1 (3.29 ng/ml to 3.00 ng/ml) and DSG3 (262.40 ng/ml to 245.08 ng/ml) levels in PV patients. An increase in regulatory T cells (1.22-3.75%), IL-10 (47.46 pg/ml to 54.94 pg/ml), and IFN-γ (12.39 ng/ml to 19.70 ng/ml) was also observed. No significant changes were noted in healthy controls. These findings suggest that DF-MSCs could potentially offer a curative approach for treating pemphigus by restoring immune balance. However, further clinical trials are necessary to confirm their efficacy.
天疱疮是一种 IgG 介导的自身免疫性疾病，其特征是自身抗体针对桥粒芯糖蛋白，导致棘层松解。目前的治疗方法，包括全身皮质类固醇和免疫抑制剂，都与显著的不良反应相关。间充质干细胞（MSCs）由于其免疫调节特性和低免疫原性，提供了一种有前途的替代方法。本研究通过检测 T 细胞增殖、凋亡、细胞因子水平和抗桥粒芯糖蛋白 1/3 IgG 谱，评估了从健康供体中获得的牙囊间充质干细胞（DF-MSCs）对寻常型天疱疮（PV）患者和健康对照者的免疫调节作用。从 21 名有症状的 PV 患者和 11 名健康志愿者中分离外周血单个核细胞（PBMCs）。DF-MSCs 进行了鉴定和向成骨细胞、脂肪细胞和成软骨细胞分化。将外周血单个核细胞（PBMCs）与 DF-MSCs 共培养，并进行了各种检测，以评估 T 细胞增殖、凋亡、调节性 T 细胞、细胞因子表达和自身抗体水平。结果表明，DF-MSC 共培养显著降低了淋巴细胞增殖（43.58-16.27%）、IL-4（38.06ng/L 至 32.26ng/L）、TNF-α（32.45ng/L 至 29.41ng/L）和 DSG1（3.29ng/ml 至 3.00ng/ml）以及 DSG3（262.40ng/ml 至 245.08ng/ml）水平在 PV 患者中。还观察到调节性 T 细胞（1.22-3.75%）、IL-10（47.46pg/ml 至 54.94pg/ml）和 IFN-γ（12.39ng/ml 至 19.70ng/ml）的增加。在健康对照组中没有观察到显著变化。这些发现表明，DF-MSCs 可能通过恢复免疫平衡为治疗天疱疮提供一种有前途的治疗方法。然而，需要进一步的临床试验来确认其疗效。
