Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2024 Oct 1;19(10):e0311259. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311259. eCollection 2024.
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by an urge to move arms and legs, commonly combined with distress, pain and motor restlessness. It can cause fragmented sleep, daytime symptoms, and decreased quality of life. Pharmacological treatment can suppress symptoms, but not cure. When challenged with illness, people may turn to their inner psychological resources such as self-esteem and mastery. The Pearlin Mastery scale was developed to study stress and coping, is commonly used in people with chronic illnesses, however, not yet validated in people with RLS.
The aim was to test reliability and construct validity of the Pearlin Mastery Scale in persons with RLS.
A cross-sectional postal survey including the Pearlin Mastery Scale, Restless Legs Syndrome-6 Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Patient Health Questionnaire was sent out to members (n = 1500) of the national RLS association and 788 (52.5%) agreed to participate. Data were analyzed using classical test theory, Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch measurement theory analysis. Hypothesis testing for construct validity was done by bivariate correlation analyses.
Most respondents were women (65%), retired (71%) and had a mean-age of 70.8 years (SD 11.4). The 7-item version of the Pearlin Mastery Scale showed poor fit to the one factor model. After omitting the two positively worded items (i.e., item 4 and 6), the 5-item version was found to be unidimensional, with satisfactory internal consistency. However, all items showed considerable ceiling effects. No measurement variance was seen regarding age-groups or sex. Higher level of mastery was moderately correlated with less depressive symptoms but only weakly correlated to RLS-related sleep problems.
The 5-item version of the Pearlin Mastery Scale is suggested to be used in persons with RLS due to its acceptable psychometric properties. The instrument could be applied as an outcome measure for behavioral change interventions aiming to support mastery in RLS.
不宁腿综合征（RLS）是一种神经系统疾病，其特征是手臂和腿部有移动的冲动，通常伴有痛苦、疼痛和运动不安。它会导致睡眠碎片化、白天出现症状以及生活质量下降。药物治疗可以抑制症状，但不能治愈。当人们面临疾病时，他们可能会转向内在的心理资源，如自尊和掌控感。Pearlin 掌控感量表是为研究压力和应对方式而开发的，常用于慢性疾病患者，但尚未在 RLS 患者中验证。
旨在测试 Pearlin 掌控感量表在 RLS 患者中的信度和结构效度。
一项横断面邮寄调查包括 Pearlin 掌控感量表、不宁腿综合征-6 量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数和患者健康问卷，发送给全国 RLS 协会的成员（n=1500），其中 788 人（52.5%）同意参与。使用经典测试理论、验证性因素分析和 Rasch 测量理论分析进行数据分析。通过双变量相关分析对结构效度进行假设检验。
大多数受访者为女性（65%）、退休人员（71%），平均年龄为 70.8 岁（SD 11.4）。Pearlin 掌控感量表的 7 项版本拟合度不佳，不能很好地适用于单因素模型。在删除两个正向措辞的项目（即第 4 项和第 6 项）后，发现 5 项版本具有单一维度，具有令人满意的内部一致性。然而，所有项目都表现出相当大的上限效应。年龄组或性别没有测量方差。较高的掌控感水平与较少的抑郁症状中度相关，但与 RLS 相关的睡眠问题相关性较弱。
由于具有可接受的心理测量特性，建议在 RLS 患者中使用 Pearlin 掌控感量表的 5 项版本。该工具可作为行为改变干预措施的结果测量指标，旨在支持 RLS 患者的掌控感。
