Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Biomaterial and Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Nov;180:117493. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117493. Epub 2024 Sep 30.
In recent years, the use of gold nanorods (AuNRs) has garnered considerable attention in biomedical applications due to their unique optical and physicochemical properties. They have been considered as potential tools for the advanced treatment of diseases by various stimuli such as magnetic fields, pH, temperature and light in the fields of targeted therapy, imaging and drug delivery. Their biocompatibility and tunable plasmonic properties make them a versatile platform for a range of biomedical applications. While endogenous stimuli have limited cargo delivery control at specific sites, exogenous stimuli are a more favored approach despite their circumscribed penetration depth for releasing the cargo at the specific target. Dual/multi-stimuli responsive AuNTs can be triggered by multiple stimuli for enhanced control and specificity in biomedical applications. This review provides to provide a summary of the biomedical applications of stimuli-responsive AuNRs, including their endogenous and exogenous properties, as well as their dual/multi-functionality and potential for clinical delivery. This review provides a comprehensive review on the improvement of therapeutic efficacy and the effective control of drug release with AuNRs, highlights AuNRs design strategies in recent years, discusses the advantages or challenges so far in the field of AuNRs. Finally, we have addressed the clinical translation bio-integrated nanoassemblies (CTBNs) in this field.
近年来，金纳米棒（AuNRs）由于其独特的光学和物理化学性质，在生物医学应用中引起了相当大的关注。它们被认为是通过磁场、pH 值、温度和光等各种刺激在靶向治疗、成像和药物输送等领域对疾病进行高级治疗的潜在工具。它们的生物相容性和可调谐的等离子体特性使它们成为各种生物医学应用的多功能平台。虽然内源性刺激对特定部位的货物输送控制有限，但外源性刺激是一种更受欢迎的方法，尽管它们的穿透深度有限，无法在特定目标释放货物。双/多刺激响应 AuNTs 可以通过多种刺激触发，以增强生物医学应用中的控制和特异性。这篇综述提供了对响应性 AuNRs 的生物医学应用的概述，包括它们的内源性和外源性特性，以及它们的双/多功能性和临床输送的潜力。这篇综述全面回顾了 AuNRs 在提高治疗效果和有效控制药物释放方面的进展，强调了近年来 AuNRs 设计策略，讨论了该领域迄今为止的优势或挑战。最后，我们讨论了该领域的临床转化生物整合纳米组装体（CTBNs）。
