Conservation Biology Program, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi Campus, 199 Moo 9 Lumsum, Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand.
Environmental Engineering and Disaster Management Program, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi Campus, 199 Moo 9 Lumsum, Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 Oct 15;285:117086. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117086. Epub 2024 Sep 30.
Heavy metals pose significant threats to ecosystems and human health due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. In Thailand, rapid industrialization, extensive agriculture, and urban development have exacerbated heavy metal pollution in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. This systematic review, conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, evaluates study designs and methodologies to assess heavy metal bioaccumulation in Thai fauna, with a focus on ecological and health impacts. The review reveals that fish, particularly from families like Cyprinidae and Cichlidae, account for 42.11 % of studies, with species such as swamp eel, Henicorhynchus siamensis, Arius maculatus, Osteogeneiosus militaris, Puntioplites proctozystron, and Channa striata showing significant bioaccumulation. Molluscs (31.58 %), including Tegillarca granosa and Filopaludina martensi, serve as critical bioindicators of aquatic pollution due to their filter-feeding habits. Amphibians and crustaceans, like Fejervarya limnocharis and Fenneropenaeus merguiensis, also demonstrate vulnerability to heavy metal contamination. Key contamination hotspots include urban waterways in Bangkok, industrial discharges in Songkhla Lake, and mining sites in Loei Province, highlighting widespread environmental and health impacts. Despite extensive research, gaps remain, particularly concerning benthic scavengers and detritivores, which are vital for ecosystem functions. The review underscores the need for targeted monitoring and mitigation, including stricter regulations on industrial discharges, improved waste treatment, and better management of agricultural runoff. While metals like cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) are well-studied, further research on less-examined metals and species-specific bioaccumulation patterns is crucial to enhancing environmental management, supporting biodiversity conservation, and improving ecosystem resilience in Thailand.
重金属因其持久性和生物累积性对生态系统和人类健康构成重大威胁。在泰国，快速的工业化、广泛的农业和城市发展加剧了水生态系统和陆地生态系统中的重金属污染。本系统评价按照 PRISMA 指南进行，评估了评估泰国动物区系中重金属生物累积的研究设计和方法学，重点关注生态和健康影响。综述表明，鱼类（尤其是鲤科和慈鲷科鱼类）占研究的 42.11%，其中包括鳗鲶、湄公河鲇、波纹唇鱼、波纹唇鱼、波纹唇鱼、波纹唇鱼等，显示出明显的生物累积。软体动物（31.58%），包括圆田螺和光滑河蚬，由于其滤食习性，是水生污染的重要生物指标。两栖动物和甲壳类动物，如泽蛙和锯缘青蟹，也表现出对重金属污染的脆弱性。关键的污染热点包括曼谷的城市水道、宋卡湖的工业排放以及黎逸府的采矿区，突显了广泛的环境和健康影响。尽管进行了广泛的研究，但仍存在差距，特别是关于底栖食腐动物和碎屑食者，它们对生态系统功能至关重要。该综述强调需要进行有针对性的监测和缓解，包括对工业排放实施更严格的规定、改善废物处理和更好地管理农业径流。尽管对镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）、铜（Cu）和锌（Zn）等金属进行了广泛研究，但对研究较少的金属和特定物种的生物累积模式进行进一步研究对于加强环境管理、支持生物多样性保护和提高泰国生态系统的恢复能力至关重要。
