Lagström Hanna, Lahdenperä Mirkka, Ravyse Chirsna, Akbaraly Tasnime, Kivimaki Mika, Pentti Jaana, Stenholm Sari, Head Jenny
University of Turku, Turku, Finland
TYKS Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2025 Jan 13;79(2):131-137. doi: 10.1136/jech-2024-222690.
The transition to retirement is a significant turning point in life, which may lead to changes in food habits.
To examine changes in red meat, fish, vegetables and fruit consumption during the retirement transition and whether these changes vary between sociodemographic groups.
The data were from the Whitehall II study, a cohort of 10 308 British civil servants aged 35-55 years at study induction (1985-1988). Data collection has taken place every 2-3 years. Food consumption (n=2484-2491) was assessed with the Food Frequency Questionnaire in the periods before (max. 16 years) and after retirement (max. 16 years). Changes in preretirement and postretirement consumption were compared in the total cohort and subgroups by sex, marital status, preretirement occupation status and financial hardship using linear regression analyses with generalised estimating equations.
Weekly red meat consumption was stable before retirement but increased after retirement (p=0.02), especially among women, single and lower occupational status participants. Fish consumption increased during the follow-up and the increase was steeper before retirement than postretirement period (p=0.02). Vegetable and fruit consumption also increased during the entire follow-up, but more strongly during preretirement than postretirement period (p<0.001 for both).
The transition to retirement is accompanied by favourable (increase in fruit, vegetable and fish) and unfavourable (increase in red meat) dietary changes, varied to some extent by sex, marital status and preretirement occupational status. Our findings suggest that attention should be paid to this transitional phase to promote eating habits in accordance with the recommendations for retirement.
退休转型是人生中的一个重要转折点，可能导致饮食习惯的改变。
研究退休转型期间红肉、鱼类、蔬菜和水果消费的变化，以及这些变化在社会人口学群体之间是否存在差异。
数据来自白厅II研究，这是一个由10308名英国公务员组成的队列，研究开始时（1985 - 1988年）年龄在35 - 55岁。每2 - 3年进行一次数据收集。在退休前（最长16年）和退休后（最长16年）期间，使用食物频率问卷评估食物消费情况（n = 2484 - 2491）。通过使用广义估计方程的线性回归分析，比较了整个队列以及按性别、婚姻状况、退休前职业状况和经济困难划分的亚组在退休前和退休后的消费变化。
退休前每周红肉消费量稳定，但退休后增加（p = 0.02），尤其是女性、单身和职业地位较低的参与者。在随访期间鱼类消费量增加，且退休前的增加幅度比退休后更大（p = 0.02）。蔬菜和水果消费量在整个随访期间也有所增加，但退休前比退休后增加得更明显（两者p均<0.001）。
退休转型伴随着有利的（水果、蔬菜和鱼类消费增加）和不利的（红肉消费增加）饮食变化，在一定程度上因性别、婚姻状况和退休前职业状况而异。我们的研究结果表明，应关注这一转型阶段，以促进符合退休建议的饮食习惯。
